13.1 设置更改root密码

• 更改环境变量PATH ，增加mysql绝对路径
  首次直接使用mysql会提示‘该命令不存在’，原因是还没有将该命令加入环境变量，如果要使用该命令，需要使用其绝对路径：/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql，为了方便，先将其加入系统环境变量：

[root@taoyuan ~]# export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin/

mysql命令路径暂时加入环境变量，系统重启后该变量会失效，若要永久生效，需要将其加入环境变量配置文件：

vi /etc/profile#在配置文件最后 把上面的命令加#执行source命令生效 [root@taoyuan ~]# source /etc/profile

• 首次登陆

[root@taoyuan ~]# mysql -uroot

注： -p=passwd，使用密码登录，在此可以将密码直接输入在命令行（跟在-p后面，不加空格：-p'123456'<此处单引号可以不加，但是当密码中有特殊符号时必须加，所以在命令行输入密码时养成习惯：加单引号>），也可以不在命令行输入，只跟-p选项，然后根据提示信息：“Enter password”，输入密码进行登录（此方法不会暴露用户密码，安全）。

• 设置mysql 的root密码 && 更改

[root@taoyuan ~]# mysqladmin -uroot password '123456' Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.[root@taoyuan ~]# mysql -uroot -p Enter password: #输入密码#更改新的密码 [root@taoyuan ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -p'123456' password 'taoyuan' Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. [root@taoyuan ~]# mysql -uroot -p'taoyuan' Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

• 密码重置

[root@taoyuan ~]# vi /etc/my.cnf#my.cnf 配置文件内容 [mysqld] skip-grant datadir=/data/mysql #增加skip-grant #忽略授权，意思是不用密码登陆#重启mysql服务 [root@taoyuan ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! Starting MySQL. SUCCESS! #登陆mysql 修改一个表 mysql> use mysql; #切换表 Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -ADatabase changed#查看表 mysql> select * from user;#查看user表 mysql> select password from user; +-------------------------------------------+ | password | +-------------------------------------------+ | *758ABA8398EF87C993D2C4420DACD8946907C873 | | | | | | | | | | | +-------------------------------------------+ 6 rows in set (0.00 sec)#修改密码 mysql> update user set password=password('Aa123456') where user='root'; Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.00 sec) Rows matched: 4 Changed: 4 Warnings: 0#quit ，把/etc/my.cnf 配置文件修改回去 ，重启mysql服务 [root@taoyuan ~]# vi /etc/my.cnf [root@taoyuan ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! Starting MySQL. SUCCESS! [root@taoyuan ~]# mysql -uroot -p'Aa123456' Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

注： 完成该操作之后就可以任意登录mysql了（无需密码），所以此时mysql安全性很差，平时配置文件中一定不要添加该参数！！

13.2 连接mysql

• 本机直接登陆

[root@taoyuan ~]# mysql -uroot -pAa123456

• 通过端口连接（TCP/IP）

[root@taoyuan ~]# mysql -uroot -pAa123456 -h127.0.0.1 -P3306 # -P 指定端口

• 使用sock的连接

[root@taoyuan ~]# mysql -uroot -pAa123456 -S/tmp/mysql.sock #适用于本机连接

• 连接mysql操作一个命令

[root@taoyuan ~]# mysql -uroot -pAa123456 -e "show databases" Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | test | +--------------------+ #shell脚本使用中比较方便，可以直接获取数据

13.3 mysql常用命令

#查询库 mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | test | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)#切换库 mysql> use mysql; Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -ADatabase changed#查看库里的表 mysql> show tables;#查看字段 mysql> desc user;#查看建表语句 mysql> show create table user\G; #\G 表示：竖排显示#查看当前用户 mysql> select user(); +----------------+ | user() | +----------------+ | root@localhost | +----------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)#查看当前使用的数据库 mysql> select database(); +------------+ | database() | +------------+ | NULL | +------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql> use mysql; Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -ADatabase changed mysql> select database(); +------------+ | database() | +------------+ | mysql | +------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)#创建库 mysql> create database db1; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | db1 | | mysql | | performance_schema | | test | +--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec)#创建表 mysql> use db1; Database changed mysql> create table t1(`id` int(4), `name` char(40)); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)mysql> show create table t1\G; *************************** 1. row ***************************Table: t1 Create Table: CREATE TABLE `t1` (`id` int(4) DEFAULT NULL,`name` char(40) DEFAULT NULL ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 1 row in set (0.00 sec)ERROR: No query specified #ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 可以自定义 #如下 mysql> drop table t1; #删除t1表 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> create table t1(`id` int(4), `name` char(40)) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)mysql> show create table t1\G; *************************** 1. row ***************************Table: t1 Create Table: CREATE TABLE `t1` (`id` int(4) DEFAULT NULL,`name` char(40) DEFAULT NULL ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 1 row in set (0.00 sec)ERROR: No query specified#查看当前数据库版本 mysql> select version(); +-----------+ | version() | +-----------+ | 5.6.35 | +-----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)#查看数据库状态 mysql> show status;#查看各参数 mysql> show variables #指定的参数 mysql> show variables like 'max_connect%'; +--------------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------+-------+ | max_connect_errors | 100 | | max_connections | 151 | +--------------------+-------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)#修改参数 mysql> set global max_connect_errors=1000; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) #只在内存中生效#查看队列 mysql> show processlist; +----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+------------------+ | Id | User | Host | db | Command | Time | State | Info | +----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+------------------+ | 9 | root | localhost | db1 | Query | 0 | init | show processlist | +----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql> show full processlist; +----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+-----------------------+ | Id | User | Host | db | Command | Time | State | Info | +----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+-----------------------+ | 9 | root | localhost | db1 | Query | 0 | init | show full processlist | +----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+-----------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) #full 查看完整的队列

小常识：
敲过的命令历史在mysql_history 文件里

转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/3622288/2060499

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