python基础知识-列表，元组，字典

列表（list）

赋值方法：

 l = [11,45,67,34,89,23]

l = list()

列表的方法：

1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 3 class list(object): 4 """ 5 list() -> new empty list 6 list(iterable) -> new list initialized from iterable's items 7 """ 8 def append(self, p_object): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 9 '''在列表末尾添加一个新的对象''' 10 """ L.append(object) -> None -- append object to end """ 11 pass 12 13 def clear(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 14 '''清空列表中的所有对象''' 15 """ L.clear() -> None -- remove all items from L """ 16 pass 17 18 def copy(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 19 '''拷贝一个新的列表''' 20 """ L.copy() -> list -- a shallow copy of L """ 21 return [] 22 23 def count(self, value): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 24 '''某个元素在列表中出现的次数''' 25 """ L.count(value) -> integer -- return number of occurrences of value """ 26 return 0 27 28 def extend(self, iterable): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 29 '''在列表的末尾追加另外一个列表的多个值''' 30 """ L.extend(iterable) -> None -- extend list by appending elements from the iterable """ 31 pass 32 33 def index(self, value, start=None, stop=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 34 '''查找给定值第一次出现的位置''' 35 """ 36 L.index(value, [start, [stop]]) -> integer -- return first index of value. 37 Raises ValueError if the value is not present. 38 """ 39 return 0 40 41 def insert(self, index, p_object): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 42 '''指定位置插入元素''' 43 """ L.insert(index, object) -- insert object before index """ 44 pass 45 46 def pop(self, index=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 47 '''移除列表中最后一个元素,并获取这个元素''' 48 """ 49 L.pop([index]) -> item -- remove and return item at index (default last). 50 Raises IndexError if list is empty or index is out of range. 51 """ 52 pass 53 54 def remove(self, value): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 55 '''移除列表中给定值的第一次出现的元素''' 56 """ 57 L.remove(value) -> None -- remove first occurrence of value. 58 Raises ValueError if the value is not present. 59 """ 60 pass 61 62 def reverse(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 63 '''反转列表''' 64 """ L.reverse() -- reverse *IN PLACE* """ 65 pass 66 67 def sort(self, key=None, reverse=False): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 68 '''对列表中的元素排序''' 69 """ L.sort(key=None, reverse=False) -> None -- stable sort *IN PLACE* """ 70 pass list

方法示例：

#### append() >>> l = [11,45,67,34,89,23] >>> l.append(44) >>> l [11, 45, 67, 34, 89, 23, 44] #### >>> l [1, 4, 7, 11, 23, 34, 34, 44, 44, 45, 67, 89] >>> l.clear() >>> l [] #### copy() >>> l [11, 45, 67, 34, 89, 23, 44] >>> i = l.copy() >>> i [11, 45, 67, 34, 89, 23, 44] #### count() >>> l [11, 45, 67, 34, 89, 23, 44, 44, 44, 45, 34] >>> l.count(44) 3 #### extend() >>> i = [1,4,7,6] >>> l [11, 45, 67, 34, 89, 23, 44, 44, 44, 45, 34] >>> l.extend(i) >>> l [11, 45, 67, 34, 89, 23, 44, 44, 44, 45, 34, 1, 4, 7, 6] #### indexi() >>> l [11, 45, 67, 34, 89, 23, 44, 44, 44, 45, 34, 1, 4, 7, 6] >>> l.index(44) 6 >>> l.index(45) 1 #### pop() >>> l [11, 45, 67, 34, 89, 23, 44, 44, 44, 45, 34, 1, 4, 7, 6] >>> l.pop() 6 >>> l [11, 45, 67, 34, 89, 23, 44, 44, 44, 45, 34, 1, 4, 7] #### remove() >>> l [11, 45, 67, 34, 89, 23, 44, 44, 44, 45, 34, 1, 4, 7] >>> l.remove(45) >>> l [11, 67, 34, 89, 23, 44, 44, 44, 45, 34, 1, 4, 7] >>> l.remove(44) >>> l [11, 67, 34, 89, 23, 44, 44, 45, 34, 1, 4, 7] #### reverse() >>> l [11, 67, 34, 89, 23, 44, 44, 45, 34, 1, 4, 7] >>> l.reverse() >>> l [7, 4, 1, 34, 45, 44, 44, 23, 89, 34, 67, 11] #### sort() >>> l [7, 4, 1, 34, 45, 44, 44, 23, 89, 34, 67, 11] >>> l.sort() >>> l [1, 4, 7, 11, 23, 34, 34, 44, 44, 45, 67, 89] #### 元组： 元组中的元素是不可以改变的。 赋值方法： tup = 'a','b','c' tup = ('a', 'b', 'c')

 元组的方法：

1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 class tuple(object): 3 """ 4 tuple() -> empty tuple 5 tuple(iterable) -> tuple initialized from iterable's items 6 7 If the argument is a tuple, the return value is the same object. 8 """ 9 def count(self, value): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 10 '''某个元素在元素中出现的次数''' 11 """ T.count(value) -> integer -- return number of occurrences of value """ 12 return 0 13 14 def index(self, value, start=None, stop=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 15 '''查找给定值第一次出现的位置''' 16 """ 17 T.index(value, [start, [stop]]) -> integer -- return first index of value. 18 Raises ValueError if the value is not present. 19 """ 20 return 0 21 22 def __add__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 23 """ Return self+value. """ 24 pass 25 26 def __contains__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 27 """ Return key in self. """ 28 pass 29 30 def __eq__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 31 """ Return self==value. """ 32 pass 33 34 def __getattribute__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 35 """ Return getattr(self, name). """ 36 pass 37 38 def __getitem__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 39 """ Return self[key]. """ 40 pass 41 42 def __getnewargs__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 43 pass 44 45 def __ge__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 46 """ Return self>=value. """ 47 pass 48 49 def __gt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 50 """ Return self>value. """ 51 pass 52 53 def __hash__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 54 """ Return hash(self). """ 55 pass 56 57 def __init__(self, seq=()): # known special case of tuple.__init__ 58 """ 59 tuple() -> empty tuple 60 tuple(iterable) -> tuple initialized from iterable's items 61 62 If the argument is a tuple, the return value is the same object. 63 # (copied from class doc) 64 """ 65 pass 66 67 def __iter__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 68 """ Implement iter(self). """ 69 pass 70 71 def __len__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 72 """ Return len(self). """ 73 pass 74 75 def __le__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 76 """ Return self<=value. """ 77 pass 78 79 def __lt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 80 """ Return self<value. """ 81 pass 82 83 def __mul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 84 """ Return self*value.n """ 85 pass 86 87 @staticmethod # known case of __new__ 88 def __new__(*args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 89 """ Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature. """ 90 pass 91 92 def __ne__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 93 """ Return self!=value. """ 94 pass 95 96 def __repr__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 97 """ Return repr(self). """ 98 pass 99 100 def __rmul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 101 """ Return self*value. """ 102 pass tuple

方法示例：

####

count()

>>> tup = ('a','b','c','b')
>>> tup.count('b')
2

#### index() >>> tup = ('a','b','c','b')

>>> tup.index('b')
1

### 字典： 字典（dict）：字典为一对键（key）和值（value）的对应关系，中间使用“：”分隔开。 key在字典中是唯一的，字典是无序的。 赋值字典： dic = {'k1':'v1','k2':'v2','k3':'v3'} 字典的方法： 1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 class dict(object): 3 """ 4 dict() -> new empty dictionary 5 dict(mapping) -> new dictionary initialized from a mapping object's 6 (key, value) pairs 7 dict(iterable) -> new dictionary initialized as if via: 8 d = {} 9 for k, v in iterable: 10 d[k] = v 11 dict(**kwargs) -> new dictionary initialized with the name=value pairs 12 in the keyword argument list. For example: dict(one=1, two=2) 13 """ 14 def clear(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 15 '''清空字典''' 16 """ D.clear() -> None. Remove all items from D. """ 17 pass 18 19 def copy(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 20 '''拷贝字典，浅拷贝''' 21 """ D.copy() -> a shallow copy of D """ 22 pass 23 24 @staticmethod # known case 25 def fromkeys(*args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 26 '''首先有一个列表，这个列表将作为一个字典的key，如果不给值则所有key的值为空，如果给值就将值设置为key的值''' 27 """ Returns a new dict with keys from iterable and values equal to value. """ 28 pass 29 30 def get(self, k, d=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 31 '''根据key取值，如果没有这个key,不返回值''' 32 """ D.get(k[,d]) -> D[k] if k in D, else d. d defaults to None. """ 33 pass 34 35 def items(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 36 '''所有key和值组成列表的形式''' 37 """ D.items() -> a set-like object providing a view on D's items """ 38 pass 39 40 def keys(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 41 '''所有key组成列表的形式''' 42 """ D.keys() -> a set-like object providing a view on D's keys """ 43 pass 44 45 def pop(self, k, d=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 46 '''获取key的值，并从字典中删除''' 47 """ 48 D.pop(k[,d]) -> v, remove specified key and return the corresponding value. 49 If key is not found, d is returned if given, otherwise KeyError is raised 50 """ 51 pass 52 53 def popitem(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 54 '''获取键值对，并在字典中删除，随机的''' 55 """ 56 D.popitem() -> (k, v), remove and return some (key, value) pair as a 57 2-tuple; but raise KeyError if D is empty. 58 """ 59 pass 60 61 def setdefault(self, k, d=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 62 '''如果key不存在，则创建，如果key存在则返回key的值，不会修改key的值''' 63 """ D.setdefault(k[,d]) -> D.get(k,d), also set D[k]=d if k not in D """ 64 pass 65 66 def update(self, E=None, **F): # known special case of dict.update 67 '''更新''' 68 """ 69 D.update([E, ]**F) -> None. Update D from dict/iterable E and F. 70 If E is present and has a .keys() method, then does: for k in E: D[k] = E[k] 71 If E is present and lacks a .keys() method, then does: for k, v in E: D[k] = v 72 In either case, this is followed by: for k in F: D[k] = F[k] 73 """ 74 pass 75 76 def values(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 77 '''所有值的列表形式''' 78 """ D.values() -> an object providing a view on D's values """ 79 pass 80 81 def __contains__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 82 """ True if D has a key k, else False. """ 83 pass 84 85 def __delitem__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 86 """ Delete self[key]. """ 87 pass 88 89 def __eq__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 90 """ Return self==value. """ 91 pass 92 93 def __getattribute__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 94 """ Return getattr(self, name). """ 95 pass 96 97 def __getitem__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 98 """ x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y] """ 99 pass 100 101 def __ge__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 102 """ Return self>=value. """ 103 pass 104 105 def __gt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 106 """ Return self>value. """ 107 pass 108 109 def __init__(self, seq=None, **kwargs): # known special case of dict.__init__ 110 """ 111 dict() -> new empty dictionary 112 dict(mapping) -> new dictionary initialized from a mapping object's 113 (key, value) pairs 114 dict(iterable) -> new dictionary initialized as if via: 115 d = {} 116 for k, v in iterable: 117 d[k] = v 118 dict(**kwargs) -> new dictionary initialized with the name=value pairs 119 in the keyword argument list. For example: dict(one=1, two=2) 120 # (copied from class doc) 121 """ 122 pass 123 124 def __iter__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 125 """ Implement iter(self). """ 126 pass 127 128 def __len__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 129 """ Return len(self). """ 130 pass 131 132 def __le__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 133 """ Return self<=value. """ 134 pass 135 136 def __lt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 137 """ Return self<value. """ 138 pass 139 140 @staticmethod # known case of __new__ 141 def __new__(*args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 142 """ Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature. """ 143 pass 144 145 def __ne__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 146 """ Return self!=value. """ 147 pass 148 149 def __repr__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 150 """ Return repr(self). """ 151 pass 152 153 def __setitem__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 154 """ Set self[key] to value. """ 155 pass 156 157 def __sizeof__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 158 """ D.__sizeof__() -> size of D in memory, in bytes """ 159 pass 160 161 __hash__ = None dict

 

方法示例：

#### clear() >>> dic {'k1': 'v1', 'k2': 'v2', 'k3': 'v3'} >>> dic.clear() >>> dic {} #### copy() >>> dic = {'k1':'v1','k2':'v2','k3':'v3'} >>> dic2 = dic.copy() >>> dic2 {'k1': 'v1', 'k2': 'v2', 'k3': 'v3'} #### >>> l = [2,3,5,6,7] >>> d = dict.fromkeys(l) >>> d {2: None, 3: None, 5: None, 6: None, 7: None} >>> d = dict.fromkeys(l,'a') >>> d {2: 'a', 3: 'a', 5: 'a', 6: 'a', 7: 'a'} #### items() >>> dic = {'k1':'v1','k2':'v2','k3':'v3'} >>> dic.items() dict_items([('k1', 'v1'), ('k2', 'v2'), ('k3', 'v3')]) #### keys() >>> dic = {'k1':'v1','k2':'v2','k3':'v3'} >>> dic.keys() dict_keys(['k1', 'k2', 'k3']) #### pop() >>> dic = {'k1':'v1','k2':'v2','k3':'v3'} >>> dic.pop('k2') 'v2' >>> dic {'k1': 'v1', 'k3': 'v3'} #### popitme() >>> dic = {'k1':'v1','k2':'v2','k3':'v3'} >>> dic.popitem() ('k2', 'v2') >>> dic {'k1':'v1','k3':'v3'} #### setdefault() >>> dic = {'k1':'v1','k2':'v2','k3':'v3'} >>> dic.setdefault('k2') 'v2' >>> dic.setdefault('k4','v4') 'v4' >>> dic {'k1': 'v1', 'k4': 'v4', 'k2': 'v2', 'k3': 'v3'} #### update() >>> dic {'k1': 'v1', 'k4': 'v4', 'k2': 'v2', 'k3': 'v3'} >>> dic2 {'k5': 'v5'} >>> dic.update(dic2) >>> dic {'k1': 'v1', 'k5': 'v5', 'k4': 'v4', 'k2': 'v2', 'k3': 'v3'} >>> dic2 {'k5': 'v5'} #### values() >>> dic {'k1': 'v1', 'k2': 'v2', 'k3': 'v3'} >>> dic.values() dict_values(['v1', 'v2', 'v3']) ####

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/binges/p/5118998.html

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