oracle语句求保有率,Oracle之保有量计算(当前记录等于前几条记录之和)
需求:存在左图销量表,要得到右边的保有量表,保有量等于前12月销量和。
年
月
销量
年
月
保有量
2010
1
4
2010
1
4
2010
2
4
2010
2
8
2010
3
4
2010
3
16
2010
4
4
2010
4
20
2010
5
4
2010
5
24
2010
6
4
2010
6
28
2010
7
4
2010
7
32
2010
8
4
2010
8
36
2010
9
4
2010
9
40
2010
10
4
2010
10
44
2010
11
4
2010
11
48
2010
12
4
2010
12
52
2011
1
4
2011
1
52
2011
2
4
2011
2
52
2011
3
4
2011
3
52
2011
4
4
2011
4
52
2011
5
4
2011
5
52
2011
6
4
2011
6
52
解答:创建例表,便于测试
create table tsales(y,m,n)--年,月,销量
as select 2010, 1, 4 from dual union all
select 2010, 2, 4 from dual union all
select 2010, 3, 4 from dual union all
select 2010, 4, 4 from dual union all
select 2010, 5, 4 from dual union all
select 2010, 6, 4 from dual union all
select 2010, 7, 4 from dual union all
select 2010, 8, 4 from dual union all
select 2010, 9, 4 from dual union all
select 2010, 10, 4 from dual union all
select 2010, 11, 4 from dual union all
select 2010, 12, 4 from dual union all
select 2011, 1, 4 from dual union all
select 2011, 2, 4 from dual union all
select 2011, 3, 4 from dual union all
select 2011, 4, 4 from dual union all
select 2011, 5, 4 from dual union all
select 2011, 6, 4 from dual
--计算保有量(保有量等于前12个月内的销量和)
select t1.*,(select sum(t2.n)
from tsales t2
where (t2.y = t1.y and t2.m <= t1.m)
or (t2.y = t1.y - 1 and t2.m > t1.m)
) as 保有量 from tsales t1
--利用分析函数也可以:
--方法一
select y,m,n,n+LAG(n,11,0)over(order by y,m)+LAG(n,10,0)over(order by y,m)+LAG(n,9,0)over(order by y,m)+
LAG(n,8,0)over(order by y,m)+LAG(n,7,0)over(order by y,m)+LAG(n,6,0)over(order by y,m)+
LAG(n,5,0)over(order by y,m)+LAG(n,4,0)over(order by y,m)+LAG(n,3,0)over(order by y,m)+
LAG(n,2,0)over(order by y,m)+LAG(n,1,0)over(order by y,m) as 保有量from tsales
--方法二
SELECT y,m,n,SUM(n)over(order by y,m rows between 11 preceding and 0 following) QTY
FROM tsales
以上两个分析函数的使用存在错误,保有量的计算是按钮年月前推12个月(即一年内),实际业务中不能保证每个月都有数据(即每个月都有销量),如果我们能确保表中每个月都有销量的话(或将缺省的月份构造成0销量也可)上述两个分析函数的方法可以使用。使用range窗体子句才是正解,如下:
SELECT y,m,n,SUM(n)over(order by y,mrange between 11 preceding and 0 following) QTY.
FROM tsales
分析函数中窗口子句rows和range的区别就是前者以记录数分窗,后者以字段值分窗;
总结
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