Permutation 和 Combination
文章目录
- Permutation
- 代码
- 代码核心思路
- Combination
- 代码
- 代码核心思路
- 总结
Permutation 和 Combination是算法中非常常见的两种数据的排列方式,也就是数学中的排列和组合。
Permutation: 排列,指从给定个数的元素中取出指定个数的元素进行排序。
Combination: 组合,指从给定个数的元素中仅仅取出指定个数的元素,不考虑排序。
本文的主要目的在于总结在算法题中,这两种类型题目的做题模板。虽然题目变化可能是多样的,但是万变不离其宗。
Permutation
以leetcode题目46. Permutations为例。
题目叙述如下:
Given an array nums of distinct integers, return all the possible permutations. You can return the answer in any order.
Example
Input: nums = [1,2,3]
Output: [[1,2,3],[1,3,2],[2,1,3],[2,3,1],[3,1,2],[3,2,1]]
代码
class Solution {public List<List<Integer>> permute(int[] nums) {List<List<Integer>> ans = new ArrayList<>();dfs(ans, new ArrayList<>(), 0, nums);return ans;}private void dfs(List<List<Integer>> ans, List<Integer> list, int begin, int[] nums) {if (list.size() == nums.length) {ans.add(new ArrayList<>(list));return;}if (begin >= nums.length) {return;}for (int i = begin; i < nums.length; i++) {swap(nums, begin, i);list.add(nums[begin]);dfs(ans, list, begin + 1, nums);list.remove(list.size() - 1);swap(nums, begin, i);}return;}private void swap(int[] nums, int a, int b) {int tmp = nums[a];nums[a] = nums[b];nums[b] = tmp;} }代码核心思路
Combination
以leetcode题目combination-sum-iii为例。
题目叙述如下:
Find all valid combinations of k numbers that sum up to n such that the following conditions are true:
Only numbers 1 through 9 are used.
Each number is used at most once.
Return a list of all possible valid combinations. The list must not contain the same combination twice, and the combinations may be returned in any order.
Example
Input: k = 3, n = 7
Output: [[1,2,4]]
Explanation:
1 + 2 + 4 = 7
There are no other valid combinations.
代码
class Solution {public List<List<Integer>> combinationSum3(int k, int n) {List<List<Integer>> ans = new ArrayList<>();dfs(ans, k, n, new ArrayList<>(), 1);return ans;}private void dfs(List<List<Integer>> ans, int k, int n, List<Integer> list, int begin) {if (n == 0 && list.size() != 0 && k == 0) {ans.add(new ArrayList<Integer>(list));return;}if (n < 0 || begin > 9 || k < 0) {return;}for (int i = begin; i <= 9; i++) {list.add(i);dfs(ans, k - 1, n - i, list, i + 1);list.remove(list.size() - 1);}return;} }代码核心思路
总结
共同点:
总结
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