NA-NP-IE系列实验28:HDLC 和PPP 封装
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NA-NP-IE系列实验28:HDLC 和PPP 封装
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实验28:HDLC 和PPP 封装<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /> 1. 实验目的 通过本实验，读者可以掌握如下技能： （1） 串行链路上的封装概念 （2） HDLC 封装 （3） PPP 封装 2. 实验拓扑
如图：
3. 实验步骤 注： 显示串行接口时，常见以下几种状态： Serial0/0/0 is up, line protocol is up //链路正常 Serial0/0/0 is administratively down, line protocol is down //没有打开该接口，执行“no shutdown”可以打开接口 Serial0/0/0 is up, line protocol is down //物理层正常，数据链路层有问题，通常是没有配置时钟、两端封装不匹配、PPP 认证错误 Serial0/0/0 is down, line protocol is down //物理层故障，通常是连线问题 配置如下： r0(config)#int s0/0 r0(config-if)#ip add 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.0 r0(config-if)#no sh r0(config-if)# *Mar 1 00:01:31.655: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/0, changed state to up *Mar 1 00:01:32.659: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0, changed state to up *Mar 1 00:01:57.271: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0, changed state to down r0(config-if)# r0(config-if)#do sh ip int s0/0 Serial0/0 is up, line protocol is down Internet address is 172.16.1.1/24 Broadcast address is 255.255.255.255 Address determined by setup command MTU is 1500 bytes Helper address is not set Directed broadcast forwarding is disabled Outgoing access list is not set Inbound access list is not set Proxy ARP is enabled Local Proxy ARP is disabled Security level is default <?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" />Split horizon is enabled ICMP redirects are always sent ICMP unreachables are always sent ICMP mask replies are never sent IP fast switching is enabled IP fast switching on the same interface is enabled IP Flow switching is disabled IP CEF switching is enabled IP CEF Fast switching turbo vector IP multicast fast switching is enabled IP multicast distributed fast switching is disabled IP route-cache flags are Fast, CEF Router Discovery is disabled IP output packet accounting is disabled IP access violation accounting is disabled TCP/IP header compression is disabled RTP/IP header compression is disabled Policy routing is disabled Network address translation is disabled BGP Policy Mapping is disabled WCCP Redirect outbound is disabled WCCP Redirect inbound is disabled WCCP Redirect exclude is disabled r0(config-if)# *Mar 1 00:03:17.263: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0, changed state to up r0(config-if)#do sh int s0/0 Serial0/0 is up, line protocol is up Hardware is GT96K Serial Internet address is 172.16.1.1/24 MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1544 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255 Encapsulation HDLC, loopback not set//该接口的默认封装为HDLC 封装 Keepalive set (10 sec) CRC checking enabled Last input 00:00:01, output 00:00:02, output hang never Last clearing of "show interface" counters 00:02:53 Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0 Queueing strategy: weighted fair Output queue: 0/1000/64/0 (size/max total/threshold/drops) Conversations 0/1/256 (active/max active/max total) Reserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max allocated) Available Bandwidth 1158 kilobits/sec 5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 7 packets input, 764 bytes, 0 no buffer Received 7 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles 0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort 20 packets output, 1960 bytes, 0 underruns 0 output errors, 0 collisions, 5 interface resets 0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out 0 carrier transitions DCD=up DSR=up DTR=up RTS=up CTS=up r0(config-if)# r0(config-if)# r0(config-if)# r0(config-if)#enc r0(config-if)#encapsulation ppp r0(config-if)# *Mar 1 00:04:33.727: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0, changed state to down r0(config-if)# r0(config-if)#do ping 172.16.1.2
Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.1.2, timeout is 2 seconds: ..... Success rate is 0 percent (0/5) 由于R1还没有封装PPP，链路两端封装不同协议所以PING不通
r0(config-if)# *Mar 1 00:05:39.947: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0, changed state to up r0(config-if)#do ping 172.16.1.2
Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.1.2, timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/21/64 ms 链路的两端封装相同，则ping 测试应该正常
r0(config-if)# Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/21/64 ms r0(config-if)#do sh int s0/0 Serial0/0 is up, line protocol is up Hardware is GT96K Serial Internet address is 172.16.1.1/24 MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1544 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255 Encapsulation PPP, LCP Open//该接口的封装为PPP 封装
Open: IPCP, CDPCP, loopback not set//网络层支持IP 和CDP 协议
Keepalive set (10 sec) CRC checking enabled Last input 00:00:43, output 00:00:02, output hang never Last clearing of "show interface" counters 00:03:55 Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0 Queueing strategy: weighted fair Output queue: 0/1000/64/0 (size/max total/threshold/drops) Conversations 0/1/256 (active/max active/max total) Reserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max allocated) Available Bandwidth 1158 kilobits/sec 5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 58 packets input, 2928 bytes, 0 no buffer Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles 0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort 69 packets output, 3012 bytes, 0 underruns r0(config-if)#
r1(config)#int s0/0 r1(config-if)#ip add 172.16.1.2 255.255.255.0 r1(config-if)#no sh r1(config-if)#do sh *Mar 1 00:03:00.043: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/0, changed state to up r1(config-if)#do sh ip int *Mar 1 00:03:01.047: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0, changed state to up r1(config-if)#do sh ip int s0/0 Serial0/0 is up, line protocol is up Internet address is 172.16.1.2/24 Broadcast address is 255.255.255.255 Address determined by setup command MTU is 1500 bytes Helper address is not set Directed broadcast forwarding is disabled Outgoing access list is not set Inbound access list is not set Proxy ARP is enabled Local Proxy ARP is disabled Security level is default Split horizon is enabled ICMP redirects are always sent ICMP unreachables are always sent ICMP mask replies are never sent IP fast switching is enabled IP fast switching on the same interface is enabled IP Flow switching is disabled IP CEF switching is enabled IP CEF Fast switching turbo vector IP multicast fast switching is enabled IP multicast distributed fast switching is disabled IP route-cache flags are Fast, CEF Router Discovery is disabled IP output packet accounting is disabled IP access violation accounting is disabled TCP/IP header compression is disabled RTP/IP header compression is disabled Policy routing is disabled Network address translation is disabled BGP Policy Mapping is disabled WCCP Redirect outbound is disabled WCCP Redirect inbound is disabled WCCP Redirect exclude is disabled r1(config-if)# r1(config-if)# r1(config-if)# *Mar 1 00:04:57.355: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0, changed state to down r1(config-if)#do sh int s0/0 Serial0/0 is up, line protocol is down Hardware is GT96K Serial Internet address is 172.16.1.2/24 MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1544 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255 Encapsulation HDLC, loopback not set Keepalive set (10 sec) CRC checking enabled Last input 00:00:29, output 00:00:00, output hang never Last clearing of "show interface" counters 00:04:13 Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0 Queueing strategy: weighted fair Output queue: 0/1000/64/0 (size/max total/threshold/drops) Conversations 0/1/256 (active/max active/max total) Reserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max allocated) Available Bandwidth 1158 kilobits/sec 5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 35 packets input, 2518 bytes, 0 no buffer Received 35 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles 0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort 18 packets output, 1316 bytes, 0 underruns 0 output errors, 0 collisions, 3 interface resets 0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out 0 carrier transitions DCD=up DSR=up DTR=up RTS=up CTS=up r1(config-if)# r1(config-if)# r1(config-if)# r1(config-if)#en r1(config-if)#encapsulation ppp r1(config-if)# *Mar 1 00:05:41.015: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0, changed state to up r1(config-if)#
转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/gauyanm/238099
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