Redis 基本操作

参考：An introduction to Redis data types and abstractions
中文翻译：看云

Redis命令查询：Command Reference - Redis

Strings

# set and get set key value # set value get key# multiple operation mset key1 value1 [key2 value2...] # multiple set mget key1 [key2...] # multiple get# string operation getrange key start end # get sub string setrange key offset value # rewrite from specific offset strlen key # get string length append key value # append value to existing value(returns added value length)# bit operation setbit key offset value # set bit value by offset getbit key offset # get bit value by offset# expires setex key expire # create a key with expire set key ex expire # creat a key with expire psetex key expire # expires after milie-seconds# if exists setex key value # set if exists setnx key value # set if not exits(returns 1 on success, 0 on failed) set key value nx # set if not exits(return OK on success, (nil) on failed)# change self incr key # increment on value incrby key increment # increment on value by increment incrbyfloat key increment # increment on value by float increment decr key # same decrby key decrement # same getset # get set(can be used to count without omit)

Lists

#other llen key # list length# push lpush key ele1 [ele2 ...] # push to the left(one by one) rpush key ele1 [ele2 ...] # push to the right(one by one) lpushx key value # push if exists rpushx key value # push if exists# pop(get and remove) rpop mylist # pop one from the right, return null if empty lpop mylist # same# get lindex index # get value by index lrange key start end # get element[a, b], [-2,-1] # remove lrem key value count # default 0 remove all, <0 remove from tail# Block pop (如果有多个client在wait, 先wait的client先被服务.) brpop key1 [key2 ...] timeout # block until new element(0 wait forever) blpop key1 [key2 ....] timeout # block until new element(0 wait forever)# pop and push rpoplpush source desti # rpop from source, lpsuh to desti brpoplpush source desti # same but blocking# slice ltrim key start end # only keep elements in [start, end]

List的常用案例：

• 记忆用户最近的更新。
• 进程间通信。使用生产者消费者模型。

rpoplpush/brpoplpush用法:

• Reliable queue (消费者取得数据后可能因为某种原因未完成)
• Circular list(sour和desti相同, 逐个遍历列表而非使用lrange一次取出所有元素, 在有多个client同时遍历，或者在遍历过程中加入新的元素时，都能依次遍历，此外，由于原子性操作，不会在丢失过程中丢失数据)

Hashes

# set hset key filed value # hash set hmset key filed1 value1 [field2 value2 ...] # hash multiple set hsetnx key field value # set field if the filed not exists# delete hdel key filed1 [field2 ...] # delete multiple fields from hash# other hlen key # get the # of fields hscan key cursor [pattern] [count] # similar to scan, but in hashes hstrlen key filed # get length of value of field hexists key filed # check existance# get hget key filed # get one filed hmget key filed1 [filed2 ...] # get multiple field hgetall key # get all fields with values hkeys key # get all fields hvals key # get all values# change value hincrby key filed increment # hash increment hincrebyfloat key field increment # hash increment by float

Note:

• 尽管hash非常适合用于表示对象，但我们也可以将hash用在别的地方(因为hash里面的内容是没有限制的)
• 小哈希(例如，一些拥有小值的元素)在内存中以特殊的方式编码存储，以让内存存储变得更有效

Redis Sets

# get size （or cardinality 基数、集合的势） scard key# add sadd key value1 [value2 ...] # add multple values to set# get smembers key # get all elements of set srandmember key # randomly get one member# check existance sismenber key value # check existence# pop spop key # **randomly** pop one element# UNION sunionstore res key1 [key2 ...] # get union of sets and store result

Redis Sorted sets

# add zadd key score1 mem1 [score2 mem2] # add multiple elements# get by rank zrange key start end [withscores] # get a range of elements zrerange key start end [withscores] # reverse order# operate on ranges zrangebysore key min max # get all between min and max zremrangebyscore key min max # remove all between min and max# get rank zrank key value # get rank zrerank key value # reverse order# lexicographical scores(字典序操作) (可以用于自动完成) zrangebylex zrevrangebylex zremrangebylex zlexcount

Note: 重复调用zadd可以更新元素的score(可用于游戏排行榜)

Bitmaps

# operations setbit key offset val # set bit getbit key offset # get bit bitop [and/or/xor/not] dest key1 [key2...] # bit operate and store to dest bitcount bitpos key [start end] # find the first bit of 0 or 1

可用于记录网站用户每日访问情况。

HyperLogLogs

一种类似set的数据结构，用于估计set的大小(更快地)。

对Key自身的操作(无关乎数据和数据类类型)

type key # get key type del key # delete key exists key # check existance expire key # set an expire for a key pexpire key # set an expire in millis for a key persist key # remove expire for a key ttl key # time to live pttl key # time to live in milliseconds

遍历keys

keys # 一次返回所有的key（当keys特别多时应采用scan） scan # 逐个遍历key (可以模糊匹配)

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/fondoger/p/redis-basic-usage.html

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