python random函数sample_Python random.sample()用法及代码示例

sample()是Python中随机模块的内置函数，可返回从序列中选择的项目的特定长度列表，即列表，元组，字符串或集合。用于随机抽样而无需更换。

用法： random.sample(sequence, k)

参数：

sequence：可以是列表，元组，字符串或集合。

k：一个整数值，它指定样本的长度。

返回：k长度从序列中选择的新元素列表。

代码1：sample()函数的简单实现。

# Python3 program to demonstrate

# the use of sample() function .

# import random

from random import sample

# Prints list of random items of given length

list1 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

print(sample(list1,3))

输出：

[2, 3, 5]

代码2：sample()函数的基本用法。

# Python3 program to demonstrate

# the use of sample() function .

# import random

import random

# Prints list of random items of

# length 3 from the given list.

list1 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]

print("With list:", random.sample(list1, 3))

# Prints list of random items of

# length 4 from the given string.

string = "GeeksforGeeks"

print("With string:", random.sample(string, 4))

# Prints list of random items of

# length 4 from the given tuple.

tuple1 = ("ankit", "geeks", "computer", "science",

"portal", "scientist", "btech")

print("With tuple:", random.sample(tuple1, 4))

# Prints list of random items of

# length 3 from the given set.

set1 = {"a", "b", "c", "d", "e"}

print("With set:", random.sample(set1, 3))

输出：

With list:[3, 1, 2]

With string:['e', 'f', 'G', 'G']

With tuple:['ankit', 'portal', 'geeks', 'computer']

With set:['b', 'd', 'c']

注意：每次返回随机项目时，输出都会有所不同。

代码3：引发异常

如果样本大小(即k)大于序列大小，则会引发ValueError。

# Python3 program to demonstrate the

# error of sample() function.

import random

list1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]

# exception raised

print(random.sample(list1, 5))

输出：

Traceback (most recent call last):

File "C:/Users/user/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python36/all_prgm/geeks_article/sample_method_article.py", line 8, in

print(random.sample(list1, 5))

File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\random.py", line 317, in sample

raise ValueError("Sample larger than population or is negative")

ValueError:Sample larger than population or is negative

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