Oracle ASM理论及实践介绍
ASM
首先讲ASM之前，我们先了解一下RAID0和RAID1的故事吧：
RAID0：最少由两块磁盘组成，以两个100G的磁盘为例，组成200G的磁盘阵列，那用户写入的数据就会往200G的磁盘内进行写入，但是如果一个磁盘损坏，会导致整个RAID0磁盘阵列内的磁盘都不可使用，安全性差，但是读写效率高，硬盘使用率高。
RAID1：最少由两块磁盘组成，以两个100G的磁盘为例，组成100g的磁盘阵列，用户写入的数据只会写入100G的空间内，意思是用户写入的数据会同时写入两个磁盘内，两个磁盘的数据是完全一模一样的，磁盘之间也是数据互通，可以形成一个很好的备份，如果一个磁盘损坏了，第二个磁盘可以接着使用，安全性高，但是写的效率低，无论添加多少磁盘，都是n分之一的写速度，目前是两个100g的硬盘，加多一块100g的硬盘，整个磁盘组大小也是100g不变。
- 而ASM就跟我们的RAID1就类似了，在win或Linux环境下，配置RAID是需要成本的，要实现高可用的物理成本以及学习成本都是很高，但是Oracle提供了一种服务，ASM（自动磁盘管理）可以通过Oracle命令给我们完成高可用的磁盘阵列。
以上给大家简单的介绍了ASM组成，之前在学习搭建11gASM在网上查资料的时候，发现有位哥们写的文章是非常精细的，所以本章我就不细致介绍网格的搭建了，可以参考以下链接学习（11g
11.2.0.4 ASM+单实例静默安装）
Oracle ASM单实例静默安装+升级_总结、分享、交流-CSDN博客_oracle静默安装asm
说说我在安装ASM过程中遇到的一些问题吧：1. ASM磁盘建议不分区（使用裸盘）或者只分一个物理分区。（ASM磁盘无需挂载）2. 在对裸磁盘分区后，可能会遇到udev不识别磁盘的问题，建议重新挂载磁盘或更换规则绑定方式，如以上还是不能成功，建议使用裸设备作为ASM磁盘组。3. ASM磁盘组磁盘分区大小或者裸设备大小建议相同，例如目前有三块磁盘，建议都是同等大小，利于数据库识别以及写入。4. 在安装ASM磁盘建议能用RPM包的方式安装就使用，对linux udev熟悉的可以采用udev绑定，推荐优先使用udev，毕竟是服务器自带的工具，应对各场景下安装ASM。5. 对大于2T的磁盘分区要先用parted将分区转换为gpt格式，不然安装ASM无法识别磁盘。以上就是我在安装ASM过程中有遇到过的问题，我是在linux环境下静默安装的，如果各位还有遇到过别的问题，欢迎补充，大家一起解决商量。/*
Oracle ASM 安装步骤
*/
–格式化磁盘，分区
大于2T以上的磁盘使用parted分区，小于则用fdisk，大于2T磁盘必须改为gpt分区
–udev规则绑定磁盘分区，规则文件位置，如果没有此文件则自行创建
/etc/udev/rules.d/99-oracle-asmdevices.rules
–查看磁盘uuid，通过uuid绑定udev规则指定（linux 6）
/sbin/scsi_id -g -u -d /dev/sdb
/*
这里我将三个磁盘进行分区，其中两块是固态盘，因为文件格式的关系，我分了6个分区，而剩余的机械盘同理文件格式问题，分了8个区，
以下为我的具体规则：
–KERNEL（分区名称/磁盘名称，可以用组显示sdb[1-5]，代表sdb1,sdb2…sdb5）
–SUBSYSTEM(设备的子系统名称，例如：sda 的子系统为 block。)
–PROGRAM（调用外部命令指定规则，可以通过父盘绑定也可以通过自身盘绑定）
–RESULT（uudi查询结果，PROGRAM 返回的结果。）
–NAME（别名，指定磁盘的别名，成功绑定后，原有被绑定的磁盘会以别名的形式出现在/dev目录下）
–OWNER（操作系统用户，ASM磁盘指定的用户）
–GROUP（操作系统组，ASM磁盘指定的分组）
–MODE（磁盘权限，默认0660）
/
–设置规则
[root@sv133-db1 dev]# vim /etc/udev/rules.d/99-oracle-asmdevices.rules
KERNEL==“nvme0n1p1”,SUBSYSTEM==“block”,PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id -g -u -d /dev/ p a r e n t " , R E S U L T = = " S N V M e H W E 32 P 43032 M 000031 Y S R F S K 5000287 " , N A M E = " a s m d i s k s / a s m − s 0 d 1 " , O W N E R = " g r i d " , G R O U P = " a s m a d m i n " , M O D E = " 0660 " K E R N E L = = " n v m e 0 n 1 p 2 " , S U B S Y S T E M = = " b l o c k " , P R O G R A M = = " / s b i n / s c s i i d − g − u − d / d e v / parent",RESULT=="SNVMe_HWE32P43032M000031YSRFSK5000287",NAME="asmdisks/asm-s0d1",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660" KERNEL=="nvme0n1p2",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id -g -u -d /dev/ parent",RESULT=="SNVMeHWE32P43032M000031YSRFSK5000287",NAME="asmdisks/asm−s0d1",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"KERNEL=="nvme0n1p2",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsiid−g−u−d/dev/parent",RESULT==“SNVMe_HWE32P43032M000031YSRFSK5000287”,NAME=“asmdisks/asm-s0d2”,OWNER=“grid”,GROUP=“asmadmin”,MODE=“0660”
KERNEL==“nvme0n1p3”,SUBSYSTEM==“block”,PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id -g -u -d /dev/ p a r e n t " , R E S U L T = = " S N V M e H W E 32 P 43032 M 000031 Y S R F S K 5000287 " , N A M E = " a s m d i s k s / a s m − s 0 d 3 " , O W N E R = " g r i d " , G R O U P = " a s m a d m i n " , M O D E = " 0660 " K E R N E L = = " n v m e 0 n 1 p 4 " , S U B S Y S T E M = = " b l o c k " , P R O G R A M = = " / s b i n / s c s i i d − g − u − d / d e v / parent",RESULT=="SNVMe_HWE32P43032M000031YSRFSK5000287",NAME="asmdisks/asm-s0d3",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660" KERNEL=="nvme0n1p4",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id -g -u -d /dev/ parent",RESULT=="SNVMeHWE32P43032M000031YSRFSK5000287",NAME="asmdisks/asm−s0d3",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"KERNEL=="nvme0n1p4",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsiid−g−u−d/dev/parent",RESULT==“SNVMe_HWE32P43032M000031YSRFSK5000287”,NAME=“asmdisks/asm-s0d4”,OWNER=“grid”,GROUP=“asmadmin”,MODE=“0660”
KERNEL==“nvme0n1p5”,SUBSYSTEM==“block”,PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id -g -u -d /dev/ p a r e n t " , R E S U L T = = " S N V M e H W E 32 P 43032 M 000031 Y S R F S K 5000287 " , N A M E = " a s m d i s k s / a s m − s 0 d 5 " , O W N E R = " g r i d " , G R O U P = " a s m a d m i n " , M O D E = " 0660 " K E R N E L = = " n v m e 1 n 1 p 2 " , S U B S Y S T E M = = " b l o c k " , P R O G R A M = = " / s b i n / s c s i i d − g − u − d / d e v / parent",RESULT=="SNVMe_HWE32P43032M000031YSRFSK5000287",NAME="asmdisks/asm-s0d5",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660" KERNEL=="nvme1n1p2",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id -g -u -d /dev/ parent",RESULT=="SNVMeHWE32P43032M000031YSRFSK5000287",NAME="asmdisks/asm−s0d5",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"KERNEL=="nvme1n1p2",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsiid−g−u−d/dev/parent",RESULT==“SNVMe_HWE32P43032M000031YSRFSJ7000570”,NAME=“asmdisks/asm-s1d2”,OWNER=“grid”,GROUP=“asmadmin”,MODE=“0660”
KERNEL==“nvme1n1p3”,SUBSYSTEM==“block”,PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id -g -u -d /dev/ p a r e n t " , R E S U L T = = " S N V M e H W E 32 P 43032 M 000031 Y S R F S J 7000570 " , N A M E = " a s m d i s k s / a s m − s 1 d 3 " , O W N E R = " g r i d " , G R O U P = " a s m a d m i n " , M O D E = " 0660 " K E R N E L = = " n v m e 1 n 1 p 4 " , S U B S Y S T E M = = " b l o c k " , P R O G R A M = = " / s b i n / s c s i i d − g − u − d / d e v / parent",RESULT=="SNVMe_HWE32P43032M000031YSRFSJ7000570",NAME="asmdisks/asm-s1d3",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660" KERNEL=="nvme1n1p4",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id -g -u -d /dev/ parent",RESULT=="SNVMeHWE32P43032M000031YSRFSJ7000570",NAME="asmdisks/asm−s1d3",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"KERNEL=="nvme1n1p4",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsiid−g−u−d/dev/parent",RESULT==“SNVMe_HWE32P43032M000031YSRFSJ7000570”,NAME=“asmdisks/asm-s1d4”,OWNER=“grid”,GROUP=“asmadmin”,MODE=“0660”
KERNEL==“nvme1n1p5”,SUBSYSTEM==“block”,PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id -g -u -d /dev/ p a r e n t " , R E S U L T = = " S N V M e H W E 32 P 43032 M 000031 Y S R F S J 7000570 " , N A M E = " a s m d i s k s / a s m − s 1 d 5 " , O W N E R = " g r i d " , G R O U P = " a s m a d m i n " , M O D E = " 0660 " K E R N E L = = " n v m e 1 n 1 p 6 " , S U B S Y S T E M = = " b l o c k " , P R O G R A M = = " / s b i n / s c s i i d − g − u − d / d e v / parent",RESULT=="SNVMe_HWE32P43032M000031YSRFSJ7000570",NAME="asmdisks/asm-s1d5",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660" KERNEL=="nvme1n1p6",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id -g -u -d /dev/ parent",RESULT=="SNVMeHWE32P43032M000031YSRFSJ7000570",NAME="asmdisks/asm−s1d5",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"KERNEL=="nvme1n1p6",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsiid−g−u−d/dev/parent",RESULT==“SNVMe_HWE32P43032M000031YSRFSJ7000570”,NAME=“asmdisks/asm-s1d6”,OWNER=“grid”,GROUP=“asmadmin”,MODE=“0660”
KERNEL==“sdb2”,SUBSYSTEM==“block”,PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id -g -u -d /dev/ p a r e n t " , R E S U L T = = " 36 b 44326 c a c f 94000265 f 888 e a 03 e 21 b 6 " , N A M E = " a s m d i s k s / a s m − h 0 d 2 " , O W N E R = " g r i d " , G R O U P = " a s m a d m i n " , M O D E = " 0660 " K E R N E L = = " s d b 3 " , S U B S Y S T E M = = " b l o c k " , P R O G R A M = = " / s b i n / s c s i i d − g − u − d / d e v / parent",RESULT=="36b44326cacf94000265f888ea03e21b6",NAME="asmdisks/asm-h0d2",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660" KERNEL=="sdb3",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id -g -u -d /dev/ parent",RESULT=="36b44326cacf94000265f888ea03e21b6",NAME="asmdisks/asm−h0d2",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"KERNEL=="sdb3",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsiid−g−u−d/dev/parent",RESULT==“36b44326cacf94000265f888ea03e21b6”,NAME=“asmdisks/asm-h0d3”,OWNER=“grid”,GROUP=“asmadmin”,MODE=“0660”
KERNEL==“sdb4”,SUBSYSTEM==“block”,PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id -g -u -d /dev/ p a r e n t " , R E S U L T = = " 36 b 44326 c a c f 94000265 f 888 e a 03 e 21 b 6 " , N A M E = " a s m d i s k s / a s m − h 0 d 4 " , O W N E R = " g r i d " , G R O U P = " a s m a d m i n " , M O D E = " 0660 " K E R N E L = = " s d b 5 " , S U B S Y S T E M = = " b l o c k " , P R O G R A M = = " / s b i n / s c s i i d − g − u − d / d e v / parent",RESULT=="36b44326cacf94000265f888ea03e21b6",NAME="asmdisks/asm-h0d4",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660" KERNEL=="sdb5",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id -g -u -d /dev/ parent",RESULT=="36b44326cacf94000265f888ea03e21b6",NAME="asmdisks/asm−h0d4",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"KERNEL=="sdb5",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsiid−g−u−d/dev/parent",RESULT==“36b44326cacf94000265f888ea03e21b6”,NAME=“asmdisks/asm-h0d5”,OWNER=“grid”,GROUP=“asmadmin”,MODE=“0660”
KERNEL==“sdb6”,SUBSYSTEM==“block”,PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id -g -u -d /dev/ p a r e n t " , R E S U L T = = " 36 b 44326 c a c f 94000265 f 888 e a 03 e 21 b 6 " , N A M E = " a s m d i s k s / a s m − h 0 d 6 " , O W N E R = " g r i d " , G R O U P = " a s m a d m i n " , M O D E = " 0660 " K E R N E L = = " s d b 7 " , S U B S Y S T E M = = " b l o c k " , P R O G R A M = = " / s b i n / s c s i i d − g − u − d / d e v / parent",RESULT=="36b44326cacf94000265f888ea03e21b6",NAME="asmdisks/asm-h0d6",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660" KERNEL=="sdb7",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id -g -u -d /dev/ parent",RESULT=="36b44326cacf94000265f888ea03e21b6",NAME="asmdisks/asm−h0d6",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"KERNEL=="sdb7",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsiid−g−u−d/dev/parent",RESULT==“36b44326cacf94000265f888ea03e21b6”,NAME=“asmdisks/asm-h0d7”,OWNER=“grid”,GROUP=“asmadmin”,MODE=“0660”
KERNEL==“sdb8”,SUBSYSTEM==“block”,PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id -g -u -d /dev/KaTeX parse error: Expected 'EOF', got '#' at position 226: …@sv133-db1 dev]#̲ ll /dev/asmdis… vim /opt/soft/grid/response/grid_install.rsp
–响应文件内容基本上按网格的环境变量内容写上即可，需要特别注意是为以下参数：
oracle.install.option=HA_CONFIG --这里因为我是为单实例数据库安装ASM，所以选择了HA_CONFIG，如果有别的需要集群可以选择CRS_CONFIG，视情况而定。
oracle.install.crs.config.storageOption=ASM_STORAGE --按照参数的提示，我们这里需要指定ASM_STORAGE的存储方式，而不是FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE。
oracle.install.asm.diskGroup.name=SDATA --这里要注意的，上面我的磁盘组分成s和h开头的两个盘，s代表固态盘，h代表机械盘，
–为了ASM更好的管理（同类型、同大小的设备会产生更优越的性能），首先将两块固态
–盘作为第一个ASM磁盘组（SDATA），而机械盘可以等网格安装完后再添加上去，取名为
–HDATA。
oracle.install.asm.diskGroup.redundancy=EXTERNAL --这里有三个选项，是ASM的冗余等级，直接选择EXTERNAL最高等级冗余。
oracle.install.asm.diskGroup.AUSize=1 --视情况而定，这里是分配给ASM的使用单元，1为最小。
oracle.install.asm.diskGroup.disks=/dev/asmdisks/asm-s0d1,/dev/asmdisks/asm-s0d2,/dev/asmdisks/asm-s0d3,/dev/asmdisks/asm-s0d4,/dev/asmdisks/asm-s0d5,
/dev/asmdisks/asm-s1d2,/dev/asmdisks/asm-s1d3,/dev/asmdisks/asm-s1d4,/dev/asmdisks/asm-s1d5,/dev/asmdisks/asm-s1d6 --绑定ASM磁盘组，通过别名指定。
oracle.install.asm.diskGroup.diskDiscoveryString=/dev/asmdisks/ --同理，扫描ASM磁盘，这里不用写绝对路径。
–检查响应文件，
[grid@sv133-db1 response]$ cat grid_install.rsp |grep -v ^#|tr -s ‘\n’ #去空行和注释
oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_crsinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=sv133-db1
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/opt/app/oraInventory
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN
oracle.install.option=HA_CONFIG
ORACLE_BASE=/opt/app/grid
ORACLE_HOME=/opt/app/grid/11.2.0/grid_home
oracle.install.asm.OSDBA=asmdba
oracle.install.asm.OSOPER=asmoper
oracle.install.asm.OSASM=asmadmin
oracle.install.crs.config.gpnp.scanName=
oracle.install.crs.config.gpnp.scanPort=
oracle.install.crs.config.clusterName=
oracle.install.crs.config.gpnp.configureGNS=false
oracle.install.crs.config.gpnp.gnsSubDomain=
oracle.install.crs.config.gpnp.gnsVIPAddress=
oracle.install.crs.config.autoConfigureClusterNodeVIP=
oracle.install.crs.config.clusterNodes=
oracle.install.crs.config.networkInterfaceList=
oracle.install.crs.config.storageOption=ASM_STORAGE
oracle.install.crs.config.sharedFileSystemStorage.diskDriveMapping=
oracle.install.crs.config.sharedFileSystemStorage.votingDiskLocations=
oracle.install.crs.config.sharedFileSystemStorage.votingDiskRedundancy=NORMAL
oracle.install.crs.config.sharedFileSystemStorage.ocrLocations=
oracle.install.crs.config.sharedFileSystemStorage.ocrRedundancy=NORMAL
oracle.install.crs.config.useIPMI=false
oracle.install.crs.config.ipmi.bmcUsername=
oracle.install.crs.config.ipmi.bmcPassword=
oracle.install.asm.SYSASMPassword=oracle
oracle.install.asm.diskGroup.name=SDATA
oracle.install.asm.diskGroup.redundancy=EXTERNAL
oracle.install.asm.diskGroup.AUSize=1
oracle.install.asm.diskGroup.disks=/dev/asmdisks/asm-s0d1,/dev/asmdisks/asm-s0d2,/dev/asmdisks/asm-s0d3,/dev/asmdisks/asm-s0d4,/dev/asmdisks/asm-s0d5，
/dev/asmdisks/asm-s1d2,/dev/asmdisks/asm-s1d3,/dev/asmdisks/asm-s1d4,/dev/asmdisks/asm-s1d5,/dev/asmdisks/asm-s1d6
oracle.install.asm.diskGroup.diskDiscoveryString=/dev/asmdisks/*
oracle.install.asm.monitorPassword=oracle
oracle.install.crs.upgrade.clusterNodes=
oracle.install.asm.upgradeASM=false
oracle.installer.autoupdates.option=
oracle.installer.autoupdates.downloadUpdatesLoc=
AUTOUPDATES_MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=
AUTOUPDATES_MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=
PROXY_HOST=
PROXY_PORT=
PROXY_USER=
PROXY_PWD=
PROXY_REALM=
–安装网格
[grid@sv133-db1 grid]$ ./runInstaller -silent -showProgress -ignoreSysPrereqs -ignorePrereq -responseFile /opt/soft/grid/response/grid_install.rsp
Starting Oracle Universal Installer…
Checking Temp space: must be greater than 120 MB. Actual 7505 MB Passed
Checking swap space: must be greater than 150 MB. Actual 16383 MB Passed
Preparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from /tmp/OraInstall2020-09-07_02-39-55PM. Please wait …[grid@sv133-db1 grid]$ [WARNING] [INS-30011] The SYS password entered does not conform to the Oracle recommended standards.
CAUSE: Oracle recommends that the password entered should be at least 8 characters in length, contain at least 1 uppercase character, 1 lower case character and 1 digit [0-9].
ACTION: Provide a password that conforms to the Oracle recommended standards.
[WARNING] [INS-30011] The ASMSNMP password entered does not conform to the Oracle recommended standards.
CAUSE: Oracle recommends that the password entered should be at least 8 characters in length, contain at least 1 uppercase character, 1 lower case character and 1 digit [0-9].
ACTION: Provide a password that conforms to the Oracle recommended standards.
[WARNING] [INS-32016] The selected Oracle home contains directories or files.
CAUSE: The selected Oracle home contained directories or files.
ACTION: To start with an empty Oracle home, either remove its contents or choose another location.
You can find the log of this install session at:
/opt/app/oraInventory/logs/installActions2020-09-07_02-39-55PM.log
Prepare in progress.
… 9% Done.
Prepare successful.
Copy files in progress.
… 14% Done.
… 19% Done.
… 24% Done.
… 29% Done.
… 35% Done.
Copy files successful.
… 57% Done.
Link binaries in progress.
Link binaries successful.
… 73% Done.
Setup files in progress.
… 89% Done.
Setup files successful.
The installation of Oracle Grid Infrastructure 11g was successful.
Please check ‘/opt/app/oraInventory/logs/silentInstall2020-09-07_02-39-55PM.log’ for more details.
… 94% Done.
Execute Root Scripts in progress.
As a root user, execute the following script(s):
1. /opt/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
2. /opt/app/grid/11.2.0/grid_home/root.sh
… 100% Done.
Execute Root Scripts successful.
As install user, execute the following script to complete the configuration.
1. /opt/app/grid/11.2.0/grid_home/cfgtoollogs/configToolAllCommands RESPONSE_FILE=<response_file>
Successfully Setup Software.
–如果由以上输出基本上就代表已经安装完成了，但是还需要执行以下两个脚本，开多一个命令窗口（执行安装的窗口不可关闭，等安装自行断开），用root用户执行以下命令：
/opt/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
/opt/app/grid/11.2.0/grid_home/root.sh
–当执行完第二个脚本后，输出以下结果表示成功：
Using configuration parameter file: /opt/app/grid/11.2.0/grid_home/crs/install/crsconfig_params
Creating trace directory
LOCAL ADD MODE
Creating OCR keys for user ‘grid’, privgrp ‘oinstall’…
Operation successful.
LOCAL ONLY MODE
Successfully accumulated necessary OCR keys.
Creating OCR keys for user ‘root’, privgrp ‘root’…
Operation successful.
CRS-4664: Node sv133-db1 successfully pinned.
Adding Clusterware entries to upstart
sv133-db1 2020/09/07 14:43:53 /opt/app/grid/11.2.0/grid_home/cdata/sv133-db1/backup_20200907_144353.olr
Successfully configured Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Standalone Server
–创建保存ASM磁盘密码文件
vi /opt/soft/cfgrsp.properties --这里的信息，跟响应文件内的密码同步
oracle.assistants.asm|S_ASMPASSWORD=oracle
oracle.assistants.asm|S_ASMMONITORPASSWORD=oracle
–按照安装信息，继续执行（As install user, execute the following script to complete the configuration.）
/opt/app/grid/11.2.0/grid_home/cfgtoollogs/configToolAllCommands RESPONSE_FILE=/opt/softwater/cfgrsp.properties --指定密码文件信息运行。
perform - mode is starting for action: configure
perform - mode finished for action: configure
You can see the log file: /opt/app/grid/11.2.0/grid_home/cfgtoollogs/oui/configActions2020-09-07_02-52-01-PM.log
–打印以上结果后，检查日志。
[grid@sv133-db1 opt]$ cat /opt/app/grid/11.2.0/grid_home/cfgtoollogs/oui/configActions2020-09-07_02-52-01-PM.log
###################################################
The action configuration is performing
The plug-in Update Inventory is running
/opt/app/grid/11.2.0/grid_home/oui/bin/runInstaller -nowait -noconsole -waitforcompletion -ignoreSysPrereqs -updateNodeList -silent CRS=true “CLUSTER_NODES={}” ORACLE_HOME=/opt/app/grid/11.2.0/grid_home
Starting Oracle Universal Installer…
Checking swap space: must be greater than 500 MB. Actual 16383 MB Passed
The inventory pointer is located at /etc/oraInst.loc
The inventory is located at /opt/app/oraInventory
The plug-in Update Inventory has successfully been performed
The plug-in Oracle Cluster Verification Utility is running
Performing post-checks for Oracle Restart configuration
Checking Oracle Restart integrity…
Oracle Restart integrity check passed
Checking OLR integrity…
Checking OLR config file…
OLR config file check successful
Checking OLR file attributes…
OLR file check successful
WARNING:
This check does not verify the integrity of the OLR contents. Execute ‘ocrcheck -local’ as a privileged user to verify the contents of OLR.
OLR integrity check passed
Post-check for Oracle Restart configuration was successful.
The plug-in Oracle Cluster Verification Utility has successfully been performed
The action configuration has successfully completed
##################################################
–出现以上信息，waring不用理会以外表示已安装ASM网格成功
【删除ASM】
1.将grid用户环境变量下所有路径下的文件全部删除。
2.通过安装脚本查看ocr文件和olr文件的放置位置，并进行删除，一般会有两个路径：
OCR_LOC=/var/opt/oracle/ocr.loc
OCR_LOC=/etc/oracle/ocr.loc
3.再重新安装即可。
4.前提是还没创建磁盘组，只是单纯删除ASM软件。
5.dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/asmdisks/asm-s1d6 bs=8192 count=128000 --清空ASM磁盘数据，用于重装ASM。
【安装过程遇到的问题】
1.安装ASM软件完成，但是磁盘组并没有按照响应文件的要求安装，可以手动使用以下命令安装（ O R A C L E H O M E / B I N ） ： − 后 面 的 是 参 数 类 型 和 对 应 的 值 ， 都 是 和 响 应 文 件 里 面 匹 配 ： − − 先 绑 定 固 态 盘 . / a s m c a − s i l e n t − c o n f i g u r e A S M − d i s k S t r i n g ′ / d e v / a s m d i s k s / ∗ ′ − d i s k G r o u p N a m e S D A T A − d i s k L i s t / d e v / a s m d i s k s / a s m − s 0 d 1 , / d e v / a s m d i s k s / a s m − s 0 d 2 , / d e v / a s m d i s k s / a s m − s 0 d 3 , / d e v / a s m d i s k s / a s m − s 0 d 4 , / d e v / a s m d i s k s / a s m − s 0 d 5 , / d e v / a s m d i s k s / a s m − s 1 d 2 , / d e v / a s m d i s k s / a s m − s 1 d 3 , / d e v / a s m d i s k s / a s m − s 1 d 4 , / d e v / a s m d i s k s / a s m − s 1 d 5 , / d e v / a s m d i s k s / a s m − s 1 d 6 − r e d u n d a n c y E X T E R N A L − a u s i z e 1 − − 绑 定 机 械 盘 . / a s m c a − s i l e n t − c o n f i g u r e A S M − d i s k S t r i n g ′ / d e v / a s m d i s k s / ∗ ′ − d i s k G r o u p N a m e H D A T A − d i s k L i s t / d e v / a s m d i s k s / a s m − h 0 d 2 , / d e v / a s m d i s k s / a s m − h 0 d 3 , / d e v / a s m d i s k s / a s m − h 0 d 4 , / d e v / a s m d i s k s / a s m − h 0 d 5 , / d e v / a s m d i s k s / a s m − h 0 d 6 , / d e v / a s m d i s k s / a s m − h 0 d 7 , / d e v / a s m d i s k s / a s m − h 0 d 8 − r e d u n d a n c y E X T E R N A L − a u s i z e 12. 最 后 如 果 用 集 群 检 查 命 令 没 有 出 现 以 下 磁 盘 （ 是 否 启 动 没 关 系 ） ， 那 就 代 表 没 安 装 成 功 . [ g r i d @ s v 133 − d b 1 b i n ] ORACLE_HOME/BIN）：-后面的是参数类型和对应的值，都 是和响应文件里面匹配： --先绑定固态盘 ./asmca -silent -configureASM -diskString '/dev/asmdisks/*' -diskGroupName SDATA -diskList /dev/asmdisks/asm-s0d1,/dev/asmdisks/asm-s0d2,/dev/asmdisks/asm-s0d3,/dev/asmdisks/asm-s0d4,/dev/asmdisks/asm-s0d5,/dev/asmdisks/asm-s1d2,/dev/asmdisks/asm-s1d3,/dev/asmdisks/asm-s1d4,/dev/asmdisks/asm-s1d5,/dev/asmdisks/asm-s1d6 -redundancy EXTERNAL -au_size 1 --绑定机械盘 ./asmca -silent -configureASM -diskString '/dev/asmdisks/*' -diskGroupName HDATA -diskList /dev/asmdisks/asm-h0d2,/dev/asmdisks/asm-h0d3,/dev/asmdisks/asm-h0d4,/dev/asmdisks/asm-h0d5,/dev/asmdisks/asm-h0d6,/dev/asmdisks/asm-h0d7,/dev/asmdisks/asm-h0d8 -redundancy EXTERNAL -au_size 1 2.最后如果用集群检查命令没有出现以下磁盘（是否启动没关系），那就代表没安装成功. [grid@sv133-db1 bin] ORACLEHOME/BIN）：−后面的是参数类型和对应的值，都是和响应文件里面匹配：−−先绑定固态盘./asmca−silent−configureASM−diskString′/dev/asmdisks/∗′−diskGroupNameSDATA−diskList/dev/asmdisks/asm−s0d1,/dev/asmdisks/asm−s0d2,/dev/asmdisks/asm−s0d3,/dev/asmdisks/asm−s0d4,/dev/asmdisks/asm−s0d5,/dev/asmdisks/asm−s1d2,/dev/asmdisks/asm−s1d3,/dev/asmdisks/asm−s1d4,/dev/asmdisks/asm−s1d5,/dev/asmdisks/asm−s1d6−redundancyEXTERNAL−ausize1−−绑定机械盘./asmca−silent−configureASM−diskString′/dev/asmdisks/∗′−diskGroupNameHDATA−diskList/dev/asmdisks/asm−h0d2,/dev/asmdisks/asm−h0d3,/dev/asmdisks/asm−h0d4,/dev/asmdisks/asm−h0d5,/dev/asmdisks/asm−h0d6,/dev/asmdisks/asm−h0d7,/dev/asmdisks/asm−h0d8−redundancyEXTERNAL−ausize12.最后如果用集群检查命令没有出现以下磁盘（是否启动没关系），那就代表没安装成功.[grid@sv133−db1bin] crs_stat -t -v
Name Type R/RA F/FT Target State Host
ora.HDATA.dg ora…up.type 0/5 0/ ONLINE ONLINE sv133-db1
ora…ER.lsnr ora…er.type 0/5 0/ ONLINE ONLINE sv133-db1
ora.SDATA.dg ora…up.type 0/5 0/ ONLINE ONLINE sv133-db1
ora.asm ora.asm.type 0/5 0/ ONLINE ONLINE sv133-db1
ora.cssd ora.cssd.type 0/5 0/5 ONLINE ONLINE sv133-db1
ora.diskmon ora…on.type 0/10 0/5 OFFLINE OFFLINE
ora.evmd ora.evm.type 0/10 0/5 ONLINE ONLINE sv133-db1
ora.ons ora.ons.type 0/3 0/ OFFLINE OFFLINE
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