OpenCV入门(C++/Python)-使用OpenCV裁剪图像(四)
裁剪是为了从图像中删除所有不需要的物体或区域。甚至突出显示图像的特定功能。
使用OpenCV裁剪没有特定的功能,NumPy数组切片是工作。读取的每个图像都存储在2D数组中(对于每个颜色通道)。只需指定要裁剪区域的高度和宽度(以像素为单位),就可以完成
使用OpenCV裁剪图像
- 1.使用OpenCV裁剪
- 2.使用裁剪功能对图像进行划分
1.使用OpenCV裁剪
以下代码片段展示了如何使用Python和C++裁剪图像。在例子的进一步,您将详细了解这些。
Python
C++
// Include Libraries #include<opencv2/opencv.hpp> #include<iostream>// Namespace nullifies the use of cv::function(); using namespace std; using namespace cv;int main() {// Read imageMat img = imread("test.jpg");cout << "Width : " << img.size().width << endl;cout << "Height: " << img.size().height << endl;cout<<"Channels: :"<< img.channels() << endl;// Crop imageMat cropped_image = img(Range(400,1200), Range(350,700));//display imageimshow(" Original Image", img);imshow("Cropped Image", cropped_image);//Save the cropped Imageimwrite("Cropped Image.jpg", cropped_image);// 0 means loop infinitelywaitKey(0);destroyAllWindows();return 0; }上面的代码读取并显示图像及其尺寸。尺寸不仅包括二维矩阵的宽度和高度,还包括通道的数量(例如,RGB图像有3个通道——红色、绿色和蓝色)。
让我们尝试裁剪图像中包含美女的部分。
Python
cropped_image = img[400:1200, 350:700] # Slicing to crop the image# Display the cropped image cv2.imshow("cropped", cropped_image) cv2.waitKey(0) cv2.destroyAllWindows()C++
Mat crop = img(Range(400,1200),Range(350,700)); // Slicing to crop the image// Display the cropped image imshow("Cropped Image", crop);waitKey(0); destroyAllWindows(); return 0;
在Python中,您可以使用与NumPy数组切片相同的方法裁剪图像。要切片数组,您需要指定第一维和第二维的开始和结束索引。
- 第一个维度总是行数或图像的高度。
- 第二个维度是列数或图像的宽度。
如何剪切图像的NumPy数组?查看此示例中的语法:
cropped = img[start_row:end_row, start_col:end_col]在C++中,我们使用Range()函数裁剪图像。
- Python同理一样,它也应用切片。
- 在这里,图像也按照上述相同的约定作为二维矩阵读取。
以下是裁剪图像的C++语法:
img(Range(start_row, end_row), Range(start_col, end_col))2.使用裁剪功能对图像进行划分
在OpenCV中裁剪的一个实际应用可以是将图像划分为大小相同图像块。使用循环从图像中裁剪片段。首先从图像的形状中获取所需图像块的高度和宽度
Python
img = cv2.imread("test_cropped.jpg") image_copy = img.copy() imgheight=img.shape[0] imgwidth=img.shape[1]C++
Mat img = imread("test_cropped.jpg"); Mat image_copy = img.clone(); int imgheight = img.rows; int imgwidth = img.cols;加载高度和宽度,以指定需要裁剪较小图像块的范围。为此,使用Python中的range()函数。现在,使用两个循环裁剪:
- 宽度范围
- 高度范围
已知原图像瘩高度宽度为(1350,1080),我们使用的图像块的高度和宽度分别为(270,216)。内外循环的步幅(我们在图像中移动的像素数)也就是划分下来,有25个图像块。(拼图一样)
Python
M = 216 N = 270 x1 = 0 y1 = 0for y in range(0, imgheight, M):for x in range(0, imgwidth, N):if (imgheight - y) < M or (imgwidth - x) < N:breaky1 = y + Mx1 = x + N# check whether the patch width or height exceeds the image width or heightif x1 >= imgwidth and y1 >= imgheight:x1 = imgwidth - 1y1 = imgheight - 1# Crop into patches of size MxNtiles = image_copy[y:y + M, x:x + N]# Save each patch into file directorycv2.imwrite(str(x) + '_' + str(y) + '.jpg', tiles)cv2.rectangle(img, (x, y), (x1, y1), (0, 255, 0), 1)elif y1 >= imgheight: # when patch height exceeds the image heighty1 = imgheight - 1# Crop into patches of size MxNtiles = image_copy[y:y + M, x:x + N]# Save each patch into file directorycv2.imwrite(str(x) + '_' + str(y) + '.jpg', tiles)cv2.rectangle(img, (x, y), (x1, y1), (0, 255, 0), 1)elif x1 >= imgwidth: # when patch width exceeds the image widthx1 = imgwidth - 1# Crop into patches of size MxNtiles = image_copy[y:y + M, x:x + N]# Save each patch into file directorycv2.imwrite(str(x) + '_' + str(y) + '.jpg', tiles)cv2.rectangle(img, (x, y), (x1, y1), (0, 255, 0), 1)else:# Crop into patches of size MxNtiles = image_copy[y:y + M, x:x + N]# Save each patch into file directorycv2.imwrite(str(x) + '_' + str(y) + '.jpg', tiles)cv2.rectangle(img, (x, y), (x1, y1), (0, 255, 0), 1)C++
int M = 216; int N = 270;int x1 = 0; int y1 = 0; for (int y = 0; y<imgheight; y=y+M) {for (int x = 0; x<imgwidth; x=x+N){if ((imgheight - y) < M || (imgwidth - x) < N){break;}y1 = y + M;x1 = x + N;string a = to_string(x);string b = to_string(y);if (x1 >= imgwidth && y1 >= imgheight){x = imgwidth - 1;y = imgheight - 1;x1 = imgwidth - 1;y1 = imgheight - 1;// crop the patches of size MxNMat tiles = image_copy(Range(y, imgheight), Range(x, imgwidth));//save each patches into file directoryimwrite("saved_patches/tile" + a + '_' + b + ".jpg", tiles); rectangle(img, Point(x,y), Point(x1,y1), Scalar(0,255,0), 1); }else if (y1 >= imgheight){y = imgheight - 1;y1 = imgheight - 1;// crop the patches of size MxNMat tiles = image_copy(Range(y, imgheight), Range(x, x+N));//save each patches into file directoryimwrite("saved_patches/tile" + a + '_' + b + ".jpg", tiles); rectangle(img, Point(x,y), Point(x1,y1), Scalar(0,255,0), 1); }else if (x1 >= imgwidth){x = imgwidth - 1; x1 = imgwidth - 1;// crop the patches of size MxNMat tiles = image_copy(Range(y, y+M), Range(x, imgwidth));//save each patches into file directoryimwrite("saved_patches/tile" + a + '_' + b + ".jpg", tiles); rectangle(img, Point(x,y), Point(x1,y1), Scalar(0,255,0), 1); }else{// crop the patches of size MxNMat tiles = image_copy(Range(y, y+M), Range(x, x+N));//save each patches into file directoryimwrite("saved_patches/tile" + a + '_' + b + ".jpg", tiles); rectangle(img, Point(x,y), Point(x1,y1), Scalar(0,255,0), 1); }} }接下来,使用imshow()函数显示图像块拼图。使用imwrite()函数将其保存到文件目录中。
Python
#Save full image into file directory cv2.imshow("Patched Image",img) cv2.imwrite("patched.jpg",img)cv2.waitKey() cv2.destroyAllWindows()C++
imshow("Patched Image", img); imwrite("patched.jpg",img); waitKey(); destroyAllWindows();Python
C++
总结
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