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三子棋的实现,人工智能与人工智障

发布时间:2024/5/14 编程问答 74 豆豆
生活随笔 收集整理的这篇文章主要介绍了 三子棋的实现,人工智能与人工智障 小编觉得挺不错的,现在分享给大家,帮大家做个参考.

1.菜单

我们先进行菜单打印的实现,如下:

void menu() {printf("**********************************************\n");printf("************ 1.play ************\n");printf("************ 0.exit ************\n");printf("**********************************************\n"); }

菜单要求我们进行输出1/0,但是我们要考虑玩家可能输错的情况所以我们用switch语句来对玩家的输入进行一个反馈,如下:

int input = 0;do{menu();printf("请输入(1/0):");scanf("%d", &input);switch (input){case 1:printf("开始游戏\n");game();break;case 0:printf("退出游戏\n");break;default:printf("输入错误,请重新输入\n");break;}} while (input);

上面这段代码是在主函数中实现的,当然你也可将其打包到一个函数中,这里就不做展示了。

当玩家输入1时,进入游戏,下面我们来实现game里的内容。

2.初始化棋盘与打印棋盘

玩家要想玩三子棋首先肯定要有一个棋盘,三子棋的棋盘一共有9个空位,玩家将在这些空位上下棋,在游戏的过程中,我们是需要对玩家和电脑的下棋情况进行收录的,所以我们先创建一个数组,在里面全部初始化为 空格 ,实现如下:

void InitBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)//初始化棋盘 {int i, j;for (i = 0; i < row; i++){for (j = 0; j < col; j++){board[i][j] = ' ';}} } void game() {int ret = 1;int n = 0;char board[ROW][COL] = { 0 };InitBoard(board, ROW, COL);DisplayBoard(board, ROW, COL); }

这里要说明一下,ROW代表的是行,COL代表的是列,这是提前用define设置好的,后面会提到,row和col也是一样的意思,传过来是为了方便。

之后是打印棋盘,思路其实还是蛮简单的,循环加判断,相信大家都是可以理解的,就不细说明了,实现如下:

void DisplayBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)//打印棋盘 {int i, j;for (i = 0; i < row; i++){for (j = 0; j < col; j++){printf(" %c ", board[i][j]);if (j < col - 1){printf("|");} //“ |”这是一次循环} //当打印最后一次时不打印“|”//打印出来是 | | printf("\n");if (i < row - 1){for (j = 0; j < col; j++){printf("---");if (j < col - 1){printf("|");//“---|”是一次循环} //打印最后一次时不打印“|”} //打印出来是---|---|---}printf("\n");// 上面的两行加一起是一次循环} //最后一次循环不打印---| }//打印出来是这样的效果 // | | //---|---|--- // | | //---|---|--- // | |

而设置ROW和COL的目的就是将棋盘的打印变得可控,可以操控棋盘的大小。

3.玩家下棋和电脑下棋

玩家下棋很简单,玩家输入坐标(1~3)(1~3)后判断此位置是否有棋子,如果有则让其在输入一次,如果没有则记录下来,放到之前创建的数组board里。

void PlayMove(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)//玩家下棋 {int x, y;printf("玩家输入\n");while (1){printf("请输入坐标:");scanf("%d %d", &x, &y);if (x > 0 && x <= row && y > 0 && y <= col&&board[x - 1][y - 1] == ' '){board[x - 1][y - 1] = '*';break;}else if (x <= 0 || x > row || y <= 0 || y > col){printf("坐标非法,请重新输入\n");}else if (board[x - 1][y - 1] != ' '){printf("该坐标已被占用,请选择其他坐标\n");}} }

电脑下棋我们将简单模式设置为随机下棋,下面是实现:

void ComputerMove0(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col) {Sleep(200);printf("电脑下棋\n");int x, y;while (1){x = rand() % row + 1;y = rand() % col + 1;if (board[x][y] == ' '){board[x][y] = '#';break;}} }

随机数的概念在《猜数字游戏》这篇博客里有说,这里就不细说明了。

简单的人机肯定不是我们想要的,那么复杂的人机该怎么实现呢?

很简单,三子棋玩的好的小伙伴们都知道,如果双方都是高手在不出失误的情况下是只能平局的,实现起来也好办,把情况都列举出来就好了,但是这样不仅玩家没有良好的游戏体验,代码也繁重,所以我们仅让电脑判断:

(下面是按照优先序排列的)

1)如果己方(电脑)在横排、竖排、斜排已有两个棋子,如果剩下的位置没有棋子,则下在此处

2)如果对方(玩家)在横排、竖排、斜排已有两个棋子,如果剩下的位置没有棋子,则下在此处

3)如果以上情况都没有那么中间优先下,没有则下四角,如果都没有空位,那么随机下。

下面是实现:

int ComputerMove1(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col) {int i = 0, j = 0, m = 1,n = 1;printf("电脑输入\n");while(i < row)//判断电脑是否有两个{if (board[i][0] == '#' && board[i][1] == '#' && board[i][2] == ' '){board[i][2] = '#';return 1;}if (board[i][0] == '#' && board[i][2] == '#' && board[i][1] == ' '){board[i][1] = '#';return 1;}if (board[i][1] == '#' && board[i][2] == '#' && board[i][0] == ' '){board[i][0] = '#';return 1;}if (board[0][j] == '#' && board[1][j] == '#' && board[2][j] == ' '){board[2][j] = '#';return 1;}if (board[0][j] == '#' && board[2][j] == '#' && board[1][j] == ' '){board[1][j] = '#';return 1;}if (board[1][j] == '#' && board[2][j] == '#' && board[0][j] == ' '){board[0][j] = '#';return 1;}i++;j++;}i = 0;j = 0;while (i < col)//判断玩家是否有两个{if (board[i][0] == '*' && board[i][1] == '*' && board[i][2] == ' '){board[i][2] = '#';return 1;}if (board[i][0] == '*' && board[i][2] == '*' && board[i][1] == ' '){board[i][1] = '#';return 1;}if (board[i][1] == '*' && board[i][2] == '*' && board[i][0] == ' '){board[i][0] = '#';return 1;}if (board[0][j] == '*' && board[1][j] == '*' && board[2][j] == ' '){board[2][j] = '#';return 1;}if (board[0][j] == '*' && board[2][j] == '*' && board[1][j] == ' '){board[1][j] = '#';return 1;}if (board[1][j] == '*' && board[2][j] == '*' && board[0][j] == ' '){board[0][j] = '#';return 1;}i++;j++;}if (board[1][1] == ' ')//中间{board[1][1] = '#';return 1;}else if (board[1][1] != ' ')//四角{if (board[0][0] == ' '){board[0][0] = '#';return 1;}else if (board[0][2] == ' '){board[0][2] = '#';return 1;}else if (board[2][0] == ' '){board[2][0] = '#';return 1;}else if (board[2][2] == ' '){board[2][2] = '#';return 1;}}else//随机{int x, y;while (1){x = rand() % row + 1;y = rand() % col + 1;if (board[x][y] == ' '){board[x][y] = '#';break;}}return 1;} }

这样一个困难的电脑就产生了。

4.判断输赢

我们需要在每次下棋(玩家或电脑)后进行判断输赢,如果玩家有三颗棋子连在一起,则玩家赢,如果电脑有三颗连在一起则电脑赢,如果棋盘满了也没有输赢则平局。

如果赢了或者平局则返回0,在game里判断是否返回0,如果是则结束本场游戏

下面是实现:

InitBoard(board, ROW, COL);//初始化棋盘 DisplayBoard(board, ROW, COL);//打印棋盘 while (1) {PlayMove(board, ROW, COL);//玩家下棋DisplayBoard(board, ROW, COL);//打印棋盘ret = who_win(board, ROW, COL);//判断输赢if (ret == 0)break;ComputerMove0(board, ROW, COL);//电脑下棋DisplayBoard(board, ROW, COL);//打印棋盘ret = who_win(board, ROW, COL);//判断输赢if (ret == 0)break; } int who_win(char board[ROW][COL],int row, int col) {int i, j, count = 0;for (i = 0; i < row; i++){if (board[i][0] == '*' && board[i][1] == '*' && board[i][2] == '*'){printf("玩家赢\n");Sleep(2000);system("cls");return 0;}if (board[i][0] == '#' && board[i][1] == '#' && board[i][2] == '#'){printf("电脑赢\n");Sleep(2000);system("cls");return 0;}}for (i = 0; i < col; i++){if (board[0][i] == '*' && board[1][i] == '*' && board[2][i] == '*'){printf("玩家赢\n");Sleep(2000);system("cls");return 0;}if (board[0][i] == '#' && board[1][i] == '#' && board[2][i] == '#'){printf("电脑赢\n");Sleep(2000);system("cls");return 0;}}if ((board[0][0] == '*' && board[1][1] == '*' && board[2][2] == '*') || (board[0][2] == '*' && board[1][1] == '*' && board[2][0] == '*')){printf("玩家赢\n");Sleep(2000);system("cls");return 0;}if ((board[0][0] == '#' && board[1][1] == '#' && board[2][2] == '#') || (board[0][2] == '#' && board[1][1] == '#' && board[2][0] == '#')){printf("电脑赢\n");Sleep(2000);system("cls");return 0;}for (i = 0; i < row; i++){for (j = 0; j < col; j++){if (board[i][j] != ' '){count++;}}}if (count == row * col){printf("平局了\n");Sleep(2000);system("cls");return 0;}return 1; }

还有难度的选择,判断即可,下面是源代码(我是分文件写的):

主文件:

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS #include "game.h" void menu() {printf("**********************************************\n");printf("************ 1.play ************\n");printf("************ 0.exit ************\n");printf("**********************************************\n"); }void game() {int ret = 1;int n = 0;char board[ROW][COL] = { 0 };printf("请选择难度(0.简单/1.困难):");scanf("%d", &n);if (n == 0){InitBoard(board, ROW, COL);//初始化棋盘DisplayBoard(board, ROW, COL);//打印棋盘while (1){PlayMove(board, ROW, COL);//玩家下棋DisplayBoard(board, ROW, COL);//棋盘ret = who_win(board, ROW, COL);//判断输赢if (ret == 0)break;ComputerMove0(board, ROW, COL);//电脑下棋DisplayBoard(board, ROW, COL);//棋盘ret = who_win(board, ROW, COL);//判断输赢if (ret == 0)break;}}else if (n == 1){InitBoard(board, ROW, COL);DisplayBoard(board, ROW, COL);while (1){PlayMove(board, ROW, COL);DisplayBoard(board, ROW, COL);ret = who_win(board, ROW, COL);if (ret == 0)break;ComputerMove1(board, ROW, COL);DisplayBoard(board, ROW, COL);ret = who_win(board, ROW, COL);if (ret == 0)break;}}else{printf("输入错误,默认选简单\n");InitBoard(board, ROW, COL);DisplayBoard(board, ROW, COL);while (1){PlayMove(board, ROW, COL);DisplayBoard(board, ROW, COL);ret = who_win(board, ROW, COL);if (ret == 0)break;ComputerMove0(board, ROW, COL);DisplayBoard(board, ROW, COL);ret = who_win(board, ROW, COL);if (ret == 0)break;}} } int main() {srand((unsigned int)time(NULL));int input = 0;do{menu();printf("请输入(1/0):");scanf("%d", &input);switch (input){case 1:printf("开始游戏\n");game();break;case 0:printf("退出游戏\n");break;default:printf("输入错误,请重新输入\n");break;}} while (input);return 0; }

game.h头文件:

#pragma once #define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <time.h> #include <windows.h>#define ROW 3 #define COL 3void InitBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col); void DisplayBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col); void PlayMove(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col); void ComputerMove0(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col); int ComputerMove1(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col); int who_win(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);

game.cpp存放函数实现的文件:

#include "game.h"void InitBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)//初始化棋盘 {int i, j;for (i = 0; i < row; i++){for (j = 0; j < col; j++){board[i][j] = ' ';}} }void DisplayBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)//打印棋盘 {int i, j;for (i = 0; i < row; i++){for (j = 0; j < col; j++){printf(" %c ", board[i][j]);if (j < col - 1){printf("|");}}printf("\n");if (i < row - 1){for (j = 0; j < col; j++){printf("---");if (j < col - 1){printf("|");}}}printf("\n");} }void PlayMove(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)//玩家下棋 {int x, y;printf("玩家输入\n");while (1){printf("请输入坐标:");scanf("%d %d", &x, &y);if (x > 0 && x <= row && y > 0 && y <= col&&board[x - 1][y - 1] == ' '){board[x - 1][y - 1] = '*';break;}else if (x <= 0 || x > row || y <= 0 || y > col){printf("坐标非法,请重新输入\n");}else if (board[x - 1][y - 1] != ' '){printf("该坐标已被占用,请选择其他坐标\n");}} }void ComputerMove0(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)//简单电脑 {Sleep(200);printf("电脑下棋\n");int x, y;while (1){x = rand() % row + 1;y = rand() % col + 1;if (board[x][y] == ' '){board[x][y] = '#';break;}} }int ComputerMove1(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)//困难电脑 {int i = 0, j = 0, m = 1,n = 1;printf("电脑输入\n");while(i < row){if (board[i][0] == '#' && board[i][1] == '#' && board[i][2] == ' '){board[i][2] = '#';return 1;}if (board[i][0] == '#' && board[i][2] == '#' && board[i][1] == ' '){board[i][1] = '#';return 1;}if (board[i][1] == '#' && board[i][2] == '#' && board[i][0] == ' '){board[i][0] = '#';return 1;}if (board[0][j] == '#' && board[1][j] == '#' && board[2][j] == ' '){board[2][j] = '#';return 1;}if (board[0][j] == '#' && board[2][j] == '#' && board[1][j] == ' '){board[1][j] = '#';return 1;}if (board[1][j] == '#' && board[2][j] == '#' && board[0][j] == ' '){board[0][j] = '#';return 1;}i++;j++;}i = 0;j = 0;while (i < col){if (board[i][0] == '*' && board[i][1] == '*' && board[i][2] == ' '){board[i][2] = '#';return 1;}if (board[i][0] == '*' && board[i][2] == '*' && board[i][1] == ' '){board[i][1] = '#';return 1;}if (board[i][1] == '*' && board[i][2] == '*' && board[i][0] == ' '){board[i][0] = '#';return 1;}if (board[0][j] == '*' && board[1][j] == '*' && board[2][j] == ' '){board[2][j] = '#';return 1;}if (board[0][j] == '*' && board[2][j] == '*' && board[1][j] == ' '){board[1][j] = '#';return 1;}if (board[1][j] == '*' && board[2][j] == '*' && board[0][j] == ' '){board[0][j] = '#';return 1;}i++;j++;}if (board[1][1] == ' '){board[1][1] = '#';return 1;}else if (board[1][1] != ' '){if (board[0][0] == ' '){board[0][0] = '#';return 1;}else if (board[0][2] == ' '){board[0][2] = '#';return 1;}else if (board[2][0] == ' '){board[2][0] = '#';return 1;}else if (board[2][2] == ' '){board[2][2] = '#';return 1;}}else{int x, y;while (1){x = rand() % row + 1;y = rand() % col + 1;if (board[x][y] == ' '){board[x][y] = '#';break;}}return 1;} }int who_win(char board[ROW][COL],int row, int col)//判断输赢 {int i, j, count = 0;for (i = 0; i < row; i++){if (board[i][0] == '*' && board[i][1] == '*' && board[i][2] == '*'){printf("玩家赢\n");Sleep(2000);system("cls");return 0;}if (board[i][0] == '#' && board[i][1] == '#' && board[i][2] == '#'){printf("电脑赢\n");Sleep(2000);system("cls");return 0;}}for (i = 0; i < col; i++){if (board[0][i] == '*' && board[1][i] == '*' && board[2][i] == '*'){printf("玩家赢\n");Sleep(2000);system("cls");return 0;}if (board[0][i] == '#' && board[1][i] == '#' && board[2][i] == '#'){printf("电脑赢\n");Sleep(2000);system("cls");return 0;}}if ((board[0][0] == '*' && board[1][1] == '*' && board[2][2] == '*') || (board[0][2] == '*' && board[1][1] == '*' && board[2][0] == '*')){printf("玩家赢\n");Sleep(2000);system("cls");return 0;}if ((board[0][0] == '#' && board[1][1] == '#' && board[2][2] == '#') || (board[0][2] == '#' && board[1][1] == '#' && board[2][0] == '#')){printf("电脑赢\n");Sleep(2000);system("cls");return 0;}for (i = 0; i < row; i++){for (j = 0; j < col; j++){if (board[i][j] != ' '){count++;}}}if (count == row * col){printf("平局了\n");Sleep(2000);system("cls");return 0;}return 1; }

以上就是三子棋的全部内容了。

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