Restful framework【第七篇】权限组件

基本使用

-写一个类: class MyPer(BasePermission):message='您没有权限'def has_permission(self, request, view):# 取出当前登录用户user = request.user# 取出当前登录用户类型的中文tt = user.get_user_type_display()if user.user_type == 0:return Trueelse:return False -局部使用permission_classes=[MyPer] -全局使用在setting中"DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES":['app01.auth.MyPer'],

添加权限

（1）API/utils文件夹下新建premission.py文件，代码如下：

• message是当没有权限时，提示的信息

# utils/permission.pyclass SVIPPremission(object):message = "必须是SVIP才能访问"def has_permission(self,request,view):if request.user.user_type != 3:return Falsereturn Trueclass MyPremission(object):def has_permission(self,request,view):if request.user.user_type == 3:return Falsereturn True

（2）settings.py全局配置权限

#全局 REST_FRAMEWORK = {"DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES":['API.utils.auth.Authentication',],"DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES":['API.utils.permission.SVIPPremission'], }

（3）views.py添加权限

• 默认所有的业务都需要SVIP权限才能访问
• OrderView类里面没写表示使用全局配置的SVIPPremission
• UserInfoView类，因为是普通用户和VIP用户可以访问，不使用全局的，要想局部使用的话，里面就写上自己的权限类
• permission_classes = [MyPremission,]   #局部使用权限方法

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse from django.http import JsonResponse from rest_framework.views import APIView from API import models from rest_framework.request import Request from rest_framework import exceptions from rest_framework.authentication import BaseAuthentication from API.utils.permission import SVIPPremission,MyPremissionORDER_DICT = {1:{'name':'apple','price':15},2:{'name':'dog','price':100} }def md5(user):import hashlibimport time#当前时间，相当于生成一个随机的字符串ctime = str(time.time())m = hashlib.md5(bytes(user,encoding='utf-8'))m.update(bytes(ctime,encoding='utf-8'))return m.hexdigest()class AuthView(APIView):'''用于用户登录验证'''authentication_classes = [] #里面为空，代表不需要认证permission_classes = [] #不里面为空，代表不需要权限def post(self,request,*args,**kwargs):ret = {'code':1000,'msg':None}try:user = request._request.POST.get('username')pwd = request._request.POST.get('password')obj = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(username=user,password=pwd).first()if not obj:ret['code'] = 1001ret['msg'] = '用户名或密码错误'#为用户创建tokentoken = md5(user)#存在就更新，不存在就创建models.UserToken.objects.update_or_create(user=obj,defaults={'token':token})ret['token'] = tokenexcept Exception as e:ret['code'] = 1002ret['msg'] = '请求异常'return JsonResponse(ret)class OrderView(APIView):'''订单相关业务(只有SVIP用户才能看)'''def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):self.dispatch#request.user#request.authret = {'code':1000,'msg':None,'data':None}try:ret['data'] = ORDER_DICTexcept Exception as e:passreturn JsonResponse(ret)class UserInfoView(APIView):'''订单相关业务(普通用户和VIP用户可以看)'''permission_classes = [MyPremission,] #不用全局的权限配置的话，这里就要写自己的局部权限def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):print(request.user)return HttpResponse('用户信息')

urls.py

from django.contrib import admin from django.urls import path from API.views import AuthView,OrderView,UserInfoViewurlpatterns = [path('admin/', admin.site.urls),path('api/v1/auth/',AuthView.as_view()),path('api/v1/order/',OrderView.as_view()),path('api/v1/info/',UserInfoView.as_view()), ]　

auth.py

# API/utils/auth/pyfrom rest_framework import exceptions from API import models from rest_framework.authentication import BaseAuthenticationclass Authentication(BaseAuthentication):'''用于用户登录验证'''def authenticate(self,request):token = request._request.GET.get('token')token_obj = models.UserToken.objects.filter(token=token).first()if not token_obj:raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed('用户认证失败')#在rest framework内部会将这两个字段赋值给request，以供后续操作使用return (token_obj.user,token_obj)def authenticate_header(self, request):pass

（4）测试

普通用户访问OrderView,提示没有权限

 

 普通用户访问UserInfoView，可以返回信息

 权限源码流程

（1）dispatch

def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):"""`.dispatch()` is pretty much the same as Django's regular dispatch,but with extra hooks for startup, finalize, and exception handling."""self.args = argsself.kwargs = kwargs#对原始request进行加工，丰富了一些功能#Request(# request,# parsers=self.get_parsers(),# authenticators=self.get_authenticators(),# negotiator=self.get_content_negotiator(),# parser_context=parser_context# )#request(原始request,[BasicAuthentications对象，])#获取原生request,request._request#获取认证类的对象，request.authticators#1.封装requestrequest = self.initialize_request(request, *args, **kwargs)self.request = requestself.headers = self.default_response_headers # deprecate?try:#2.认证self.initial(request, *args, **kwargs)# Get the appropriate handler methodif request.method.lower() in self.http_method_names:handler = getattr(self, request.method.lower(),self.http_method_not_allowed)else:handler = self.http_method_not_allowedresponse = handler(request, *args, **kwargs)except Exception as exc:response = self.handle_exception(exc)self.response = self.finalize_response(request, response, *args, **kwargs)return self.response

（2）initial

def initial(self, request, *args, **kwargs):"""Runs anything that needs to occur prior to calling the method handler."""self.format_kwarg = self.get_format_suffix(**kwargs)# Perform content negotiation and store the accepted info on the requestneg = self.perform_content_negotiation(request)request.accepted_renderer, request.accepted_media_type = neg# Determine the API version, if versioning is in use.version, scheme = self.determine_version(request, *args, **kwargs)request.version, request.versioning_scheme = version, scheme# Ensure that the incoming request is permitted#4.实现认证self.perform_authentication(request)#5.权限判断self.check_permissions(request)self.check_throttles(request)

（3）check_permissions

里面有个has_permission这个就是我们自己写的权限判断

def check_permissions(self, request):"""Check if the request should be permitted.Raises an appropriate exception if the request is not permitted."""#[权限类的对象列表]for permission in self.get_permissions():if not permission.has_permission(request, self):self.permission_denied(request, message=getattr(permission, 'message', None))

（4）get_permissions

def get_permissions(self):"""Instantiates and returns the list of permissions that this view requires."""return [permission() for permission in self.permission_classes]

（5）permission_classes

 

 所以settings全局配置就如下

#全局 REST_FRAMEWORK = {"DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES":['API.utils.permission.SVIPPremission'], }

内置权限

django-rest-framework内置权限BasePermission

默认是没有限制权限

class BasePermission(object):"""A base class from which all permission classes should inherit."""def has_permission(self, request, view):"""Return `True` if permission is granted, `False` otherwise."""return Truedef has_object_permission(self, request, view, obj):"""Return `True` if permission is granted, `False` otherwise."""return True

我们自己写的权限类，应该去继承BasePermission,修改之前写的permission.py文件

# utils/permission.pyfrom rest_framework.permissions import BasePermissionclass SVIPPremission(BasePermission):message = "必须是SVIP才能访问"def has_permission(self,request,view):if request.user.user_type != 3:return Falsereturn Trueclass MyPremission(BasePermission):def has_permission(self,request,view):if request.user.user_type == 3:return Falsereturn True

总结：

（1）使用

• 自己写的权限类：1.必须继承BasePermission类；  2.必须实现：has_permission方法

（2）返回值

• True   有权访问
• False  无权访问

（3）局部

• permission_classes = [MyPremission,] 

 （4）全局

REST_FRAMEWORK = {#权限"DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES":['API.utils.permission.SVIPPremission'], }

 

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/596014054-yangdongsheng/p/10402986.html

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