目录

• 基本语法
• 命令
• 常用命令
• • 1. 前提
  • 2. 上传
  • 3. 下载
  • 4. HDFS的直接操作

基本语法

hadoop fs [选项] / hdfs dfs [选项]

命令

[xiaobai@hadoop102 ~]$ hadoop fs Usage: hadoop fs [generic options][-appendToFile <localsrc> ... <dst>][-cat [-ignoreCrc] <src> ...][-checksum <src> ...][-chgrp [-R] GROUP PATH...][-chmod [-R] <MODE[,MODE]... | OCTALMODE> PATH...][-chown [-R] [OWNER][:[GROUP]] PATH...][-copyFromLocal [-f] [-p] [-l] [-d] [-t <thread count>] <localsrc> ... <dst>][-copyToLocal [-f] [-p] [-ignoreCrc] [-crc] <src> ... <localdst>][-count [-q] [-h] [-v] [-t [<storage type>]] [-u] [-x] [-e] <path> ...][-cp [-f] [-p | -p[topax]] [-d] <src> ... <dst>][-createSnapshot <snapshotDir> [<snapshotName>]][-deleteSnapshot <snapshotDir> <snapshotName>][-df [-h] [<path> ...]][-du [-s] [-h] [-v] [-x] <path> ...][-expunge [-immediate]][-find <path> ... <expression> ...][-get [-f] [-p] [-ignoreCrc] [-crc] <src> ... <localdst>][-getfacl [-R] <path>][-getfattr [-R] {-n name | -d} [-e en] <path>][-getmerge [-nl] [-skip-empty-file] <src> <localdst>][-head <file>][-help [cmd ...]][-ls [-C] [-d] [-h] [-q] [-R] [-t] [-S] [-r] [-u] [-e] [<path> ...]][-mkdir [-p] <path> ...][-moveFromLocal [-f] [-p] [-l] [-d] <localsrc> ... <dst>][-moveToLocal <src> <localdst>][-mv <src> ... <dst>][-put [-f] [-p] [-l] [-d] [-t <thread count>] <localsrc> ... <dst>][-renameSnapshot <snapshotDir> <oldName> <newName>][-rm [-f] [-r|-R] [-skipTrash] [-safely] <src> ...][-rmdir [--ignore-fail-on-non-empty] <dir> ...][-setfacl [-R] [{-b|-k} {-m|-x <acl_spec>} <path>]|[--set <acl_spec> <path>]][-setfattr {-n name [-v value] | -x name} <path>][-setrep [-R] [-w] <rep> <path> ...][-stat [format] <path> ...][-tail [-f] [-s <sleep interval>] <file>][-test -[defswrz] <path>][-text [-ignoreCrc] <src> ...][-touch [-a] [-m] [-t TIMESTAMP ] [-c] <path> ...][-touchz <path> ...][-truncate [-w] <length> <path> ...][-usage [cmd ...]] Generic options supported are: -conf <configuration file> specify an application configuration file -D <property=value> define a value for a given property -fs <file:///|hdfs://namenode:port> specify default filesystem URL to use, overrides 'fs.defaultFS' property from configurations. -jt <local|resourcemanager:port> specify a ResourceManager -files <file1,...> specify a comma-separated list of files to be copied to the map reduce cluster -libjars <jar1,...> specify a comma-separated list of jar files to be included in the classpath -archives <archive1,...> specify a comma-separated list of archives to be unarchived on the compute machinesThe general command line syntax is: command [genericOptions] [commandOptions]

常用命令

1. 前提

1). 启动Hadoop集群：
hadoop102启动hdfs：

[xiaobai@hadoop102 hadoop-3.2.2]$ sbin/start-dfs.sh [xiaobai@hadoop103 hadoop-3.2.2]$ sbin/start-yarn.sh

2). -help：输出命令参数：

[xiaobai@hadoop102 hadoop-3.2.2]$ hadoop fs -help rm

3). 创建/weather文件夹：

[xiaobai@hadoop102 hadoop-3.2.2]$ hadoop fs -mkdir /weather

2. 上传

1). -moveFromLocal：从本地剪贴到HDFS(本地无，HDFS有)；

[xiaobai@hadoop102 hadoop-3.2.2]$ vim monday.txt 输入： monday is a rainy day [xiaobai@hadoop102 hadoop-3.2.2]$ hadoop fs -moveFromLocal ./monday.txt /weather

2). -copyFromLocal：从本地文件系统中拷贝文件到HDFS路径(本地有，HDSF有)；

[xiaobai@hadoop102 hadoop-3.2.2]$ vim Tuesday.txt 输入： Tuesday is a sunny day [xiaobai@hadoop102 hadoop-3.2.2]$ hadoop fs -copyFromLocal Tuesday.txt /weather

3). -put：与copyFromLocal同，生产环境中用put(本地有，HDSF有)；

[xiaobai@hadoop102 hadoop-3.2.2]$ vim Wednesday.txt 输入： Wednesday balabala [xiaobai@hadoop102 hadoop-3.2.2]$ hadoop fs -put ./Wednesday.txt /weather

4). appendToFile：追加一个文件到另一个已经存在的文件末尾(HDFS 只能追加不能修改)；

[xiaobai@hadoop102 hadoop-3.2.2]$ vim myfeeling 输入： I was not in a good mood that day. [xiaobai@hadoop102 hadoop-3.2.2]$ hadoop fs -appendToFile ./myfeeling /weather/Wednesday.txt

3. 下载

1). -copyToLocal：从HDFS拷贝到本地(本地有，HDSF有)；

[xiaobai@hadoop102 hadoop-3.2.2]$ hadoop fs -copyToLocal /weather/monday.txt ./

2). -get：于copyToLocal同，生产环境中用get(本地有，HDSF有)；

[xiaobai@hadoop102 hadoop-3.2.2]$ hadoop fs -get /weather/monday.txt ./monday2.txt

4. HDFS的直接操作

1). -ls: 显示目录信息；

[xiaobai@hadoop102 hadoop-3.2.2]$ hadoop fs -ls /weather

2). -cat: 显示文件内容；

[xiaobai@hadoop102 hadoop-3.2.2]$ hadoop fs -cat /weather/Wednesday.txt

3). -chgrp / chmod / -chown: 与Linux文件系统中的用法相同，修改文件所属的权限；

[xiaobai@hadoop102 hadoop-3.2.2]$ hadoop fs -chmod 666 /weather/Tuesday.txt [xiaobai@hadoop102 hadoop-3.2.2]$ hadoop fs -chown xiaobai:xiaobai /weather/monday.txt

4). -mkdir: 创建路径；

[xiaobai@hadoop102 hadoop-3.2.2]$ hadoop fs -mkdir/sunny

5). -cp: 在HDFS中的路径拷贝；

[xiaobai@hadoop102 hadoop-3.2.2]$ hadoop fs -cp /weather/Wednesday.txt /sunny [xiaobai@hadoop102 hadoop-3.2.2]$ hadoop fs -rm /sunny/monday.txt

6). -mv: 在HDFS目录中移动文件；

[xiaobai@hadoop102 hadoop-3.2.2]$ hadoop fs -mv /weather/monday.txt /sunny

7). -tail: 显示一个文件的末尾1kb的数据(末尾文件为最新文件/重要文件)；

[xiaobai@hadoop102 hadoop-3.2.2]$ hadoop fs -tail /sunny/Wednesday.txt

8). -rm: 删除文件/文件夹；

[xiaobai@hadoop102 hadoop-3.2.2]$ hadoop fs -rm /sunny/monday.txt

9). -rm -r: 递归删除目录及目录里的内容；

[xiaobai@hadoop102 hadoop-3.2.2]$ hadoop fs -rm -r /sunny

10). -du: 统计文件夹的大小信息；

[xiaobai@hadoop102 hadoop-3.2.2]$ hadoop fs -du -s -h /weather 99 297 /weather [xiaobai@hadoop102 hadoop-3.2.2]$ hadoop fs -du -h /weather 23 69 /weather/Tuesday.txt 54 162 /weather/Wednesday.txt 22 66 /weather/monday.txt

tips：99表示文件大小，297表示99*3个副本；/weather 表示查看的目录；

11). -setup: 设置HDFS中文件的副本数量；

[xiaobai@hadoop102 hadoop-3.2.2]$ hadoop fs -setrep 6 /weather/monday.txt Replication 6 set: /weather/monday.txt

tips：此处设置的副本数只是记录在NameNode的元数据中，不一定会有这么多副本，只有DataNode的数量可以得到保证时才会达到设置的副本数，否则，副本数只等到下次DataNode足够时才会继续拷贝副本。因为目前只有3ux设备，最多3x副本，只有节点数增加到6x时，副本数才能达到6.

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