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总在说 Spring Boot 内置了 Tomcat 启动,那它的原理你说的清楚吗?
前言
不得不说SpringBoot的开发者是在为大众程序猿谋福利,把大家都惯成了懒汉,xml不配置了,连tomcat也懒的配置了,典型的一键启动系统,那么tomcat在springboot是怎么启动的呢?
内置tomcat
开发阶段对我们来说使用内置的tomcat是非常够用了,当然也可以使用jetty。
<dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId><version>2.1.6.RELEASE</version> </dependency> @SpringBootApplication public class MySpringbootTomcatStarter{public static void main(String[] args) {Long time=System.currentTimeMillis();SpringApplication.run(MySpringbootTomcatStarter.class);System.out.println("===应用启动耗时:"+(System.currentTimeMillis()-time)+"===");} }这里是main函数入口,两句代码最耀眼,分别是SpringBootApplication注解和SpringApplication.run()方法。
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发布生产
发布的时候,目前大多数的做法还是排除内置的tomcat,打瓦包(war)然后部署在生产的tomcat中,好吧,那打包的时候应该怎么处理?
<dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId><!-- 移除嵌入式tomcat插件 --><exclusions><exclusion><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId></exclusion></exclusions> </dependency> <!--添加servlet-api依赖---> <dependency><groupId>javax.servlet</groupId><artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId><version>3.1.0</version><scope>provided</scope> </dependency>更新main函数,主要是继承SpringBootServletInitializer,并重写configure()方法。
@SpringBootApplication public class MySpringbootTomcatStarter extends SpringBootServletInitializer {public static void main(String[] args) {Long time=System.currentTimeMillis();SpringApplication.run(MySpringbootTomcatStarter.class);System.out.println("===应用启动耗时:"+(System.currentTimeMillis()-time)+"===");}@Overrideprotected SpringApplicationBuilder configure(SpringApplicationBuilder builder) {return builder.sources(this.getClass());} } “推荐一个艿艿写的 3000+ Star 的 SpringCloud Alibaba 电商开源项目的仓库:https://github.com/YunaiV/onemall
从main函数说起
public static ConfigurableApplicationContext run(Class<?> primarySource, String... args) {return run(new Class[]{primarySource}, args); }--这里run方法返回的是ConfigurableApplicationContext public static ConfigurableApplicationContext run(Class<?>[] primarySources, String[] args) {return (new SpringApplication(primarySources)).run(args); } public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) {ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null;Collection<SpringBootExceptionReporter> exceptionReporters = new ArrayList();this.configureHeadlessProperty();SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = this.getRunListeners(args);listeners.starting();Collection exceptionReporters;try {ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments(args);ConfigurableEnvironment environment = this.prepareEnvironment(listeners, applicationArguments);this.configureIgnoreBeanInfo(environment);//打印banner,这里你可以自己涂鸦一下,换成自己项目的logoBanner printedBanner = this.printBanner(environment);//创建应用上下文context = this.createApplicationContext();exceptionReporters = this.getSpringFactoriesInstances(SpringBootExceptionReporter.class, new Class[]{ConfigurableApplicationContext.class}, context);//预处理上下文this.prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments, printedBanner);//刷新上下文this.refreshContext(context);//再刷新上下文this.afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments);listeners.started(context);this.callRunners(context, applicationArguments);} catch (Throwable var10) {}try {listeners.running(context);return context;} catch (Throwable var9) {} }既然我们想知道tomcat在SpringBoot中是怎么启动的,那么run方法中,重点关注创建应用上下文(createApplicationContext)和刷新上下文(refreshContext)。
创建上下文
//创建上下文 protected ConfigurableApplicationContext createApplicationContext() {Class<?> contextClass = this.applicationContextClass;if (contextClass == null) {try {switch(this.webApplicationType) {case SERVLET://创建AnnotationConfigServletWebServerApplicationContextcontextClass = Class.forName("org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context.AnnotationConfigServletWebServerApplicationContext");break;case REACTIVE:contextClass = Class.forName("org.springframework.boot.web.reactive.context.AnnotationConfigReactiveWebServerApplicationContext");break;default:contextClass = Class.forName("org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext");}} catch (ClassNotFoundException var3) {throw new IllegalStateException("Unable create a default ApplicationContext, please specify an ApplicationContextClass", var3);}}return (ConfigurableApplicationContext)BeanUtils.instantiateClass(contextClass); }这里会创建AnnotationConfigServletWebServerApplicationContext类。而AnnotationConfigServletWebServerApplicationContext类继承了ServletWebServerApplicationContext,而这个类是最终集成了AbstractApplicationContext。
刷新上下文
//SpringApplication.java //刷新上下文 private void refreshContext(ConfigurableApplicationContext context) {this.refresh(context);if (this.registerShutdownHook) {try {context.registerShutdownHook();} catch (AccessControlException var3) {}} }//这里直接调用最终父类AbstractApplicationContext.refresh()方法 protected void refresh(ApplicationContext applicationContext) {((AbstractApplicationContext)applicationContext).refresh(); } //AbstractApplicationContext.java public void refresh() throws BeansException, IllegalStateException {synchronized(this.startupShutdownMonitor) {this.prepareRefresh();ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = this.obtainFreshBeanFactory();this.prepareBeanFactory(beanFactory);try {this.postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory);this.invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory);this.registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory);this.initMessageSource();this.initApplicationEventMulticaster();//调用各个子类的onRefresh()方法,也就说这里要回到子类:ServletWebServerApplicationContext,调用该类的onRefresh()方法this.onRefresh();this.registerListeners();this.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory);this.finishRefresh();} catch (BeansException var9) {this.destroyBeans();this.cancelRefresh(var9);throw var9;} finally {this.resetCommonCaches();}} } //ServletWebServerApplicationContext.java //在这个方法里看到了熟悉的面孔,this.createWebServer,神秘的面纱就要揭开了。 protected void onRefresh() {super.onRefresh();try {this.createWebServer();} catch (Throwable var2) {} }//ServletWebServerApplicationContext.java //这里是创建webServer,但是还没有启动tomcat,这里是通过ServletWebServerFactory创建,那么接着看下ServletWebServerFactory private void createWebServer() {WebServer webServer = this.webServer;ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();if (webServer == null && servletContext == null) {ServletWebServerFactory factory = this.getWebServerFactory();this.webServer = factory.getWebServer(new ServletContextInitializer[]{this.getSelfInitializer()});} else if (servletContext != null) {try {this.getSelfInitializer().onStartup(servletContext);} catch (ServletException var4) {}}this.initPropertySources(); }//接口 public interface ServletWebServerFactory {WebServer getWebServer(ServletContextInitializer... initializers); }//实现 AbstractServletWebServerFactory JettyServletWebServerFactory TomcatServletWebServerFactory UndertowServletWebServerFactory这里ServletWebServerFactory接口有4个实现类
而其中我们常用的有两个:TomcatServletWebServerFactory和JettyServletWebServerFactory。
//TomcatServletWebServerFactory.java //这里我们使用的tomcat,所以我们查看TomcatServletWebServerFactory。到这里总算是看到了tomcat的踪迹。 @Override public WebServer getWebServer(ServletContextInitializer... initializers) {Tomcat tomcat = new Tomcat();File baseDir = (this.baseDirectory != null) ? this.baseDirectory : createTempDir("tomcat");tomcat.setBaseDir(baseDir.getAbsolutePath());//创建Connector对象Connector connector = new Connector(this.protocol);tomcat.getService().addConnector(connector);customizeConnector(connector);tomcat.setConnector(connector);tomcat.getHost().setAutoDeploy(false);configureEngine(tomcat.getEngine());for (Connector additionalConnector : this.additionalTomcatConnectors) {tomcat.getService().addConnector(additionalConnector);}prepareContext(tomcat.getHost(), initializers);return getTomcatWebServer(tomcat); }protected TomcatWebServer getTomcatWebServer(Tomcat tomcat) {return new TomcatWebServer(tomcat, getPort() >= 0); }//Tomcat.java //返回Engine容器,看到这里,如果熟悉tomcat源码的话,对engine不会感到陌生。 public Engine getEngine() {Service service = getServer().findServices()[0];if (service.getContainer() != null) {return service.getContainer();}Engine engine = new StandardEngine();engine.setName( "Tomcat" );engine.setDefaultHost(hostname);engine.setRealm(createDefaultRealm());service.setContainer(engine);return engine; } //Engine是最高级别容器,Host是Engine的子容器,Context是Host的子容器,Wrapper是Context的子容器getWebServer这个方法创建了Tomcat对象,并且做了两件重要的事情:把Connector对象添加到tomcat中,configureEngine(tomcat.getEngine());
getWebServer方法返回的是TomcatWebServer。
//TomcatWebServer.java //这里调用构造函数实例化TomcatWebServer public TomcatWebServer(Tomcat tomcat, boolean autoStart) {Assert.notNull(tomcat, "Tomcat Server must not be null");this.tomcat = tomcat;this.autoStart = autoStart;initialize(); }private void initialize() throws WebServerException {//在控制台会看到这句日志logger.info("Tomcat initialized with port(s): " + getPortsDescription(false));synchronized (this.monitor) {try {addInstanceIdToEngineName();Context context = findContext();context.addLifecycleListener((event) -> {if (context.equals(event.getSource()) && Lifecycle.START_EVENT.equals(event.getType())) {removeServiceConnectors();}});//===启动tomcat服务===this.tomcat.start();rethrowDeferredStartupExceptions();try {ContextBindings.bindClassLoader(context, context.getNamingToken(), getClass().getClassLoader());}catch (NamingException ex) {}//开启阻塞非守护进程startDaemonAwaitThread();}catch (Exception ex) {stopSilently();destroySilently();throw new WebServerException("Unable to start embedded Tomcat", ex);}} } //Tomcat.java public void start() throws LifecycleException {getServer();server.start(); } //这里server.start又会回到TomcatWebServer的 public void stop() throws LifecycleException {getServer();server.stop(); } //TomcatWebServer.java //启动tomcat服务 @Override public void start() throws WebServerException {synchronized (this.monitor) {if (this.started) {return;}try {addPreviouslyRemovedConnectors();Connector connector = this.tomcat.getConnector();if (connector != null && this.autoStart) {performDeferredLoadOnStartup();}checkThatConnectorsHaveStarted();this.started = true;//在控制台打印这句日志,如果在yml设置了上下文,这里会打印logger.info("Tomcat started on port(s): " + getPortsDescription(true) + " with context path '"+ getContextPath() + "'");}catch (ConnectorStartFailedException ex) {stopSilently();throw ex;}catch (Exception ex) {throw new WebServerException("Unable to start embedded Tomcat server", ex);}finally {Context context = findContext();ContextBindings.unbindClassLoader(context, context.getNamingToken(), getClass().getClassLoader());}} }//关闭tomcat服务 @Override public void stop() throws WebServerException {synchronized (this.monitor) {boolean wasStarted = this.started;try {this.started = false;try {stopTomcat();this.tomcat.destroy();}catch (LifecycleException ex) {}}catch (Exception ex) {throw new WebServerException("Unable to stop embedded Tomcat", ex);}finally {if (wasStarted) {containerCounter.decrementAndGet();}}} }附:tomcat顶层结构图
tomcat最顶层容器是Server,代表着整个服务器,一个Server包含多个Service。从上图可以看除Service主要包括多个Connector和一个Container。Connector用来处理连接相关的事情,并提供Socket到Request和Response相关转化。
Container用于封装和管理Servlet,以及处理具体的Request请求。那么上文提到的Engine>Host>Context>Wrapper容器又是怎么回事呢?我们来看下图:
综上所述,一个tomcat只包含一个Server,一个Server可以包含多个Service,一个Service只有一个Container,但有多个Connector,这样一个服务可以处理多个连接。
多个Connector和一个Container就形成了一个Service,有了Service就可以对外提供服务了,但是Service要提供服务又必须提供一个宿主环境,那就非Server莫属了,所以整个tomcat的声明周期都由Server控制。
总结
SpringBoot的启动主要是通过实例化SpringApplication来启动的,启动过程主要做了以下几件事情:配置属性、获取监听器,发布应用开始启动事件初、始化输入参数、配置环境,输出banner、创建上下文、预处理上下文、刷新上下文、再刷新上下文、发布应用已经启动事件、发布应用启动完成事件。
在SpringBoot中启动tomcat的工作在刷新上下这一步。而tomcat的启动主要是实例化两个组件:Connector、Container,一个tomcat实例就是一个Server,一个Server包含多个Service,也就是多个应用程序,每个Service包含多个Connector和一个Container,而一个Container下又包含多个子容器。
总结
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