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官网PYthon语言参考手册The Python Language Reference

发布时间：2025/3/21 python 63 豆豆
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This reference manual describes the syntax and “core semantics” of the language. It is terse, but attempts to be exact and complete. The semantics of non-essential built-in object types and of the built-in functions and modules are described in The Python Standard Library. For an informal introduction to the language, see The Python Tutorial. For C or C++ programmers, two additional manuals exist:Extending and Embedding the Python Interpreter describes the high-level picture of how to write a Python extension module, and thePython/C API Reference Manual describes the interfaces available to C/C++ programmers in detail.

  • 1. Introduction
    • 1.1. Alternate Implementations
    • 1.2. Notation
  • 2. Lexical analysis
    • 2.1. Line structure
    • 2.2. Other tokens
    • 2.3. Identifiers and keywords
    • 2.4. Literals
    • 2.5. Operators
    • 2.6. Delimiters
  • 3. Data model
    • 3.1. Objects, values and types
    • 3.2. The standard type hierarchy
    • 3.3. New-style and classic classes
    • 3.4. Special method names
  • 4. Execution model
    • 4.1. Naming and binding
    • 4.2. Exceptions
  • 5. Expressions
    • 5.1. Arithmetic conversions
    • 5.2. Atoms
    • 5.3. Primaries
    • 5.4. The power operator
    • 5.5. Unary arithmetic and bitwise operations
    • 5.6. Binary arithmetic operations
    • 5.7. Shifting operations
    • 5.8. Binary bitwise operations
    • 5.9. Comparisons
    • 5.10. Boolean operations
    • 5.11. Conditional Expressions
    • 5.12. Lambdas
    • 5.13. Expression lists
    • 5.14. Evaluation order
    • 5.15. Operator precedence
  • 6. Simple statements
    • 6.1. Expression statements
    • 6.2. Assignment statements
    • 6.3. The assert statement
    • 6.4. The pass statement
    • 6.5. The del statement
    • 6.6. The print statement
    • 6.7. The return statement
    • 6.8. The yield statement
    • 6.9. The raise statement
    • 6.10. The break statement
    • 6.11. The continue statement
    • 6.12. The import statement
    • 6.13. The global statement
    • 6.14. The exec statement
  • 7. Compound statements
    • 7.1. The if statement
    • 7.2. The while statement
    • 7.3. The for statement
    • 7.4. The try statement
    • 7.5. The with statement
    • 7.6. Function definitions
    • 7.7. Class definitions
  • 8. Top-level components
    • 8.1. Complete Python programs
    • 8.2. File input
    • 8.3. Interactive input
    • 8.4. Expression input
  • 9. Full Grammar specification
from: https://docs.python.org/2/reference/index.html#reference-index

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