漫说单例模式--宝宝成长记 你真的了解了吗?
1. 你就是单例
你呱呱落地到这个世界的时候,这就是单例的产生,你是世界上唯一无二的存在。
此时,你是父辈、祖辈的宝贝。他们都想和你亲近。
public class Singleton {private final static Singleton INSTANCE = new Singleton(); //婴儿呱呱落地// Private constructor suppresses private Singleton() {}// default public constructor public static Singleton getInstance() { //每个人都想抱你,和你亲近,你也想很多人亲近。return INSTANCE;}}亲近就有两种:一种:别人想要抱你;另一种:你呼唤别人抱你。
第一种称之为:Eager initialization,如上面的代码所示。另一种称之为Lazy initialization。代码如下所示:
public class SingletonDemo {private static SingletonDemo instance = null; //我很懒,你要想报我,你自己动手private SingletonDemo() { }public static SingletonDemo getInstance() {if (instance == null) { instance = new SingletonDemo (); //你得到机会了。}return instance;} }
2. 竞争的产生
很多人想报你和你亲近,可你只有一个呀,这就产生了矛盾,这就需要你来控制谁可以来抱你了。这就需要synchronization来控制。
public class SingletonDemo {private static SingletonDemo instance = null;private SingletonDemo() { }public static synchronized SingletonDemo getInstance() {if (instance == null) {instance = new SingletonDemo ();}return instance;} }为了让更多人可以抱你,你想出了更好的办法:
public class SingletonDemo {private static volatile SingletonDemo instance = null;private SingletonDemo() { }public static SingletonDemo getInstance() {if (instance == null) {synchronized (SingletonDemo .class){if (instance == null) {instance = new SingletonDemo ();}}}return instance;} }当然,因为怕出现问题,你想出了更巧的办法:双重检查锁(Double-checked locking)
public static Singleton getInstance() {if(singleton == null) {synchronized(Singleton.class) {if(singleton == null) {singleton = new Singleton();}}}return singleton; }上述方法存在一定的风险,你可以在方法上再加入synchronized。
3. 太复杂了,扛不住了,那就简单一点吧
public class Singleton {public final static Singleton INSTANCE = new Singleton();private Singleton() {// Exists only to defeat instantiation. } }然后你就可以直接使用了:
Singleton singleton = Singleton.INSTANCE;singleton.dothis();singleton.dothat();...4. 上面产生单例的方法都是静态的,可以使用动态的方式吗?
使用register机制来动态完成单例的实例化。动态化我们首先想到了什么?对了,是反射。
import java.util.HashMap; import org.apache.log4j.Logger; public class Singleton {private static HashMap map = new HashMap();private static Logger logger = Logger.getRootLogger();protected Singleton() {// Exists only to thwart instantiation }public static synchronized Singleton getInstance(String classname) {Singleton singleton = (Singleton)map.get(classname);if(singleton != null) {logger.info("got singleton from map: " + singleton);return singleton;}try {singleton = (Singleton)Class.forName(classname).newInstance();}catch(ClassNotFoundException cnf) {logger.fatal("Couldn't find class " + classname); }catch(InstantiationException ie) {logger.fatal("Couldn't instantiate an object of type " + classname); }catch(IllegalAccessException ia) {logger.fatal("Couldn't access class " + classname); }map.put(classname, singleton);logger.info("created singleton: " + singleton);return singleton;} }为了更好的复用代码,我们该怎么做呢?封装!
import java.util.HashMap; import org.apache.log4j.Logger; public class SingletonRegistry {public static SingletonRegistry REGISTRY = new SingletonRegistry();private static HashMap map = new HashMap();private static Logger logger = Logger.getRootLogger();protected SingletonRegistry() {// Exists to defeat instantiation }public static synchronized Object getInstance(String classname) {Object singleton = map.get(classname);if(singleton != null) {return singleton;}try {singleton = Class.forName(classname).newInstance();logger.info("created singleton: " + singleton);}catch(ClassNotFoundException cnf) {logger.fatal("Couldn't find class " + classname); }catch(InstantiationException ie) {logger.fatal("Couldn't instantiate an object of type " + classname); }catch(IllegalAccessException ia) {logger.fatal("Couldn't access class " + classname); }map.put(classname, singleton);return singleton;} }封装完成后,我们可以使用了。
import java.util.HashMap; import org.apache.log4j.Logger; public class Singleton {protected Singleton() {// Exists only to thwart instantiation. }public static Singleton getInstance() {return (Singleton)SingletonRegistry.REGISTRY.getInstance(classname);} }5. 如果有很多小孩,医院是如何管理的呢?
可是有很多护士给宝贝护理,怎么保证我们家的宝宝得到照顾呢?保证一个护士负责一个婴儿就ok了
护士classloader 婴儿instance
private static Class getClass(String classname) throws ClassNotFoundException {ClassLoader classLoader = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();if(classLoader == null)classLoader = Singleton.class.getClassLoader();return (classLoader.loadClass(classname));} }6. 如何给婴儿包被褥呢?当脱掉一件后如果被包裹了两层就,不好了。为了避免这种情况,就需要检查包裹的效果了。
import org.apache.log4j.Logger; public class Singleton implements java.io.Serializable {public static Singleton INSTANCE = new Singleton();protected Singleton() {// Exists only to thwart instantiation. }private Object readResolve() { //保证包裹的检查返回同一种情况。return INSTANCE;} }
参考:
1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singleton_pattern
2. http://www.javaworld.com/article/2073352/core-java/simply-singleton.html
3. 注意,以上图片均来自互联网,不一一标注了。
转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/davidwang456/p/3642696.html
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