当前位置：首页 > 编程资源 > 编程问答 >内容正文

编程问答

利用Cobbler批量布署CentOS

发布时间：2025/5/22 编程问答 39 豆豆

生活随笔收集整理的这篇文章主要介绍了利用Cobbler批量布署CentOS 小编觉得挺不错的,现在分享给大家,帮大家做个参考.

从事网游运维的兄弟们应该深有感触，往往在开新服的时候需要大批量的布署新的服务器，时间紧迫而且量大，装系统、初始化，枯燥而又乏味，有时还容易出错，为了解放我们的双手，所以要实现自动化，Red Hat 最新发布了网络安装服务器套件 Cobbler（补鞋匠）集成了PXE、DHCP、DNS、Kickstart服务管理和yum仓库管理工具，相对之前的 Kickstart 更加快捷、方便的批量布署red hat、centos类系统

1、安装rpmforce源
CentOS 5.5默认的Repository里找不到Cobbler，先安装rpmforce这个Repository
cd /opt
wget http://pkgs.repoforge.org/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.5.2-2.el5.rf.i386.rpm
rpm -ivh rpmforge-release-0.5.2-2.el6.rf.i686.rpm

2、安装相关软件
yum -y install cobbler dhcp httpd xinetd tftp-server

3、检查cobbler配置
cobbler check

根椐提示修改配置文件
/var/lib/cobbler/settings 中的 server 和 next_server 对应的127.0.0.1修改为本服务器的 IP 地址，
manage_dhcp 设为 1，以便管理 DHCP

将 /etc/xinetd.d/tftp 中 disable = no

4、导入精简后的ISO
mkdir -p /mnt/iso
mount -o loop /data/KerryOS-1.0-i386.iso /mnt/iso
cobbler import --mirror=/mnt/iso --name=kerryOS-1.0-i386

查看导入结果
cobbler distro list

5、修改 DHCP 和 Kickstart 配置模板
#修改DHCP配置模板
vi /etc/dhcpd.conf
vi /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template

ddns-update-style interim;

allow booting;

allow bootp;

ignore client-updates;

set vendorclass = option vendor-class-identifier;

subnet 192.168.9.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {

option routers 192.168.9.1; #路由器地址

option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0; #子网掩码选项

option domain-name-servers 192.168.9.1; #DNS地址

range dynamic-bootp 192.168.9.200 192.168.9.254; #动态IP范围

filename "/pxelinux.0";

default-lease-time 21600; #缺省租约时间

max-lease-time 43200; #最大租约时间

next-server 192.168.9.230; #指定引导服务器

}

#修改 Kickstart 配置模板
mv /var/www/cobbler/kickstarts/kerryOS-1.0-i386/ks.cfg /var/www/cobbler/kickstarts/kerryOS-1.0-i386/ks.cfg.bak
mv /var/www/cobbler/kickstarts/kerryOS-1.0-xen-i386/ks.cfg /var/www/cobbler/kickstarts/kerryOS-1.0-xen-i386/ks.cfg.bak
vi /etc/cobbler/default.ks
vi /var/www/cobbler/kickstarts/kerryOS-1.0-i386/ks.cfg
vi /var/www/cobbler/kickstarts/kerryOS-1.0-xen-i386/ks.cfg

# Kickstart file automatically generated by anaconda.

#Install OS instead of upgrade

install

#Use text mode install

text

#Use CDROM installation media

cdrom

lang en_US.UTF-8

keyboard us

#Skip the X Configuration

skipx

#Use network installation

url --url=http://192.168.9.230/cobbler/ks_mirror/kerryOS-1.0-i386

#Network information

#network --device eth0 --bootproto static --ip 192.168.9.226 --netmask 255.255.255.0 --gateway 192.168.9.1 --nameserver 192.168.9.1 --noipv6 --onboot=yes --hostname kerry-web-001

network --device eth0 --bootproto dhcp --noipv6 --hostname kerry-web-001

#root -- 1q2w3e

rootpw --iscrypted $1$n07CbCot$GP.VBeICPHj.QkJb5Y2C2.

firewall --disabled

#System authorization information

authconfig --enableshadow --enablemd5

selinux --disabled

timezone --utc Asia/Shanghai

#System bootloader configuration

bootloader --location=mbr

#Clear the Master Boot Record

zerombr yes

# Set the Mouse

mouse generic3ps/2

# The following is the partition information you requested

# Note that any partitions you deleted are not expressed

# here so unless you clear all partitions first, this is

# not guaranteed to work

#Partition clearing information

clearpart --all --initlabel

part /boot --fstype ext3 --size=200 --asprimary

part / --fstype ext3 --size=10000

part swap --size=2048

part /data --fstype ext3 --size=1 --grow

#--- Reboot the host after installation is done

reboot

%packages

@base

@core

@development-libs

@development-tools

@editors

@text-internet

keyutils

trousers

fipscheck

device-mapper-multipath

imake

%post --nochroot

# Mount CDROM

mkdir -p /mnt/cdrom

mount -r -t iso9660 /tmp/cdrom /mnt/cdrom

cp /mnt/cdrom/ipmod /mnt/sysp_w_picpath/root/ipmod > /dev/null

umount /mnt/cdrom

%post

#vim syntax on

sed -i "8 s/^/alias vi='vim'/" /root/.bashrc 2>/dev/null

echo 'syntax on' > /root/.vimrc 2>/dev/null

#init_ssh

ssh_cf="/etc/ssh/sshd_config"

sed -i -e '74 s/^/#/' -i -e '76 s/^/#/' $ssh_cf

sed -i "s/#UseDNS yes/UseDNS no/" $ssh_cf

#client

sed -i -e '44 s/^/#/' -i -e '48 s/^/#/' $ssh_cf

# Remove the ISO File translation files

find / -name TRANS.TBL -exec rm {} \; /dev/null 2>/dev/null

# Remove some unneeded services

#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

cat << EOF

+--------------------------------------------------------------+

| === Welcome to Tunoff services === |

+--------------------------------------------------------------+

EOF

#---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

for i in `ls /etc/rc3.d/S*`

CURSRV=`echo $i|cut -c 15-`

echo $CURSRV

case $CURSRV in

echo "Base services, Skip!"

;;

echo "change $CURSRV to off"

chkconfig --level 235 $CURSRV off

service $CURSRV stop

;;

esac

done

# file descriptors

ulimit -HSn 65535

echo -ne "

* soft nofile 65536

* hard nofile 65536

" >>/etc/security/limits.conf

#set sysctl

true > /etc/sysctl.conf

cat >> /etc/sysctl.conf << EOF

net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0

net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1

net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0

kernel.sysrq = 0

kernel.core_uses_pid = 1

net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1

kernel.msgmnb = 65536

kernel.msgmax = 65536

kernel.shmmax = 68719476736

kernel.shmall = 4294967296

net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 6000

net.ipv4.tcp_sack = 1

net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling = 1

net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 4194304

net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 16384 4194304

net.core.wmem_default = 8388608

net.core.rmem_default = 8388608

net.core.rmem_max = 16777216

net.core.wmem_max = 16777216

net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 262144

net.core.somaxconn = 262144

net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 3276800

net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 262144

net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0

net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 1

net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 1

net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1

net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1

net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 94500000 915000000 927000000

net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 1

net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 1200

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65535

EOF

/sbin/sysctl -p

#close ctrl+alt+del

sed -i "s/ca::ctrlaltdel:\/sbin\/shutdown -t3 -r now/#ca::ctrlaltdel:\/sbin\/shutdown -t3 -r now/" /etc/inittab

#set purview

chmod 600 /etc/passwd

chmod 600 /etc/shadow

chmod 600 /etc/group

chmod 600 /etc/gshadow

6、生成并同步所有配置
cobbler sync

7、启动相关的服务
/etc/init.d/httpd start
/etc/init.d/xinetd start
/etc/init.d/dhcpd start
/etc/init.d/cobblerd start

chkconfig --level 35 httpd on
chkconfig --level 35 xinetd on
chkconfig --level 35 dhcpd on
chkconfig --level 35 cobblerd on

#记得关闭防火墙
/etc/init.d/iptables stop
chkconfig --level 35 iptables off

8、相关配置文件及目录
cobbler相关配置文件: /etc/cobbler
cobbler数据存储目录: /var/www/cobbler
dhcp配置文件: /etc/dhcpd.conf
dhcp租期缓存文件: /var/lib/dhcpd/dhcpd.leases
pxe配置文件: /tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
ks模板文件: /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts_*.ks

9、客户端通过PXE安装系统
启动另一台新服务器，通过 PXE 启动进入，提示"boot:"时输入"menu"即可进入蓝色的 Cobbler 安装界面，选择安装项，自动完成系统安装。

10、重装系统
CentOS 5.5默认的Repository里找不到koan，先安装rpmforce这个Repository
cd /opt
wget http://pkgs.repoforge.org/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.5.2-2.el5.rf.i386.rpm
rpm -ivh rpmforge-release-0.5.2-2.el6.rf.i686.rpm

#在要重装的机器安装koan
yum -y install koan

#查看cobbler服务器有哪些安装盘
koan --list-profiles --server=192.168.9.230

#选择要重装的系统并重启
koan --replace-self --server=192.168.9.230 --profile=kerryOS-1.0-i386
reboot

11、服务控制脚本
vi /etc/init.d/cobbler_all

#!/bin/sh

case $1 in

start)

/etc/init.d/httpd start

/etc/init.d/xinetd start

/etc/init.d/dhcpd start

/etc/init.d/cobblerd start

;;

stop)

/etc/init.d/httpd stop

/etc/init.d/xinetd stop

/etc/init.d/dhcpd stop

/etc/init.d/cobblerd stop

;;

status)

/etc/init.d/httpd status

/etc/init.d/xinetd status

/etc/init.d/dhcpd status

/etc/init.d/cobblerd status

;;

sync)

cobbler sync

;;

echo "Input error,please in put 'start|stop|status|sync'!";

exit 2>&1 >/dev/null &

;;

esac

chmod +x /etc/init.d/cobbler_all

/etc/init.d/cobbler_all start|stop|startus|sync

本文出自 “聆听未来” 博客，请务必保留此出处http://kerry.blog.51cto.com/172631/648430

转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/navyaijm/809429

总结

以上是生活随笔为你收集整理的利用Cobbler批量布署CentOS的全部内容，希望文章能够帮你解决所遇到的问题。

如果觉得生活随笔网站内容还不错，欢迎将生活随笔推荐给好友。

上一篇： IT行业热点商业模式随笔第七章——商业模
下一篇： POJ 3414 Pots【广搜】