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iOS多线程GCD 研究
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Grand Central Dispatch (GCD)是Apple开发的一个多核编程的解决方法。 dispatch queue分成以下三种: 1)运行在主线程的Main queue,通过dispatch_get_main_queue获取。
Java代码
__OSX_AVAILABLE_STARTING(__MAC_10_6,__IPHONE_4_0) DISPATCH_EXPORT struct dispatch_queue_s _dispatch_main_q; #define dispatch_get_main_queue() \ DISPATCH_GLOBAL_OBJECT(dispatch_queue_t, _dispatch_main_q) /*!
* @function dispatch_get_main_queue
*
* @abstract
* Returns the default queue that is bound to the main thread.
*
* @discussion
* In order to invoke blocks submitted to the main queue, the application must
* call dispatch_main(), NSApplicationMain(), or use a CFRunLoop on the main
* thread.
*
* @result
* Returns the main queue. This queue is created automatically on behalf of
* the main thread before main() is called.
*/
__OSX_AVAILABLE_STARTING(__MAC_10_6,__IPHONE_4_0)
DISPATCH_EXPORT struct dispatch_queue_s _dispatch_main_q;
#define dispatch_get_main_queue() \
DISPATCH_GLOBAL_OBJECT(dispatch_queue_t, _dispatch_main_q)
可以看出,dispatch_get_main_queue也是一种dispatch_queue_t。 2)并行队列global dispatch queue,通过dispatch_get_global_queue获取,由系统创建三个不同优先级的dispatch queue。并行队列的执行顺序与其加入队列的顺序相同。 3)串行队列serial queues一般用于按顺序同步访问,可创建任意数量的串行队列,各个串行队列之间是并发的。 当想要任务按照某一个特定的顺序执行时,串行队列是很有用的。串行队列在同一个时间只执行一个任务。我们可以使用串行队列代替锁去保护共享的数据。和锁不同,一个串行队列可以保证任务在一个可预知的顺序下执行。 serial queues通过dispatch_queue_create创建,可以使用函数dispatch_retain和dispatch_release去增加或者减少引用计数。 GCD的用法:
Java代码
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(0, 0), ^{ }); dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{ }); static dispatch_once_t onceToken; dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{ }); double delayInSeconds = 2.0; dispatch_time_t popTime = dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, delayInSeconds * NSEC_PER_SEC); dispatch_after(popTime, dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^(void){ }); dispatch_queue_t urls_queue = dispatch_queue_create("blog.devtang.com", NULL); dispatch_async(urls_queue, ^{ }); dispatch_release(urls_queue); dispatch_group_t group = dispatch_group_create(); dispatch_group_async(group, dispatch_get_global_queue(0,0), ^{ }); dispatch_group_async(group, dispatch_get_global_queue(0,0), ^{ }); dispatch_group_notify(group, dispatch_get_global_queue(0,0), ^{ }); // 后台执行:dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(0, 0), ^{// something});// 主线程执行:dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{// something});// 一次性执行:static dispatch_once_t onceToken;dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{// code to be executed once});// 延迟2秒执行:double delayInSeconds = 2.0;dispatch_time_t popTime = dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, delayInSeconds * NSEC_PER_SEC);dispatch_after(popTime, dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^(void){// code to be executed on the main queue after delay});// 自定义dispatch_queue_tdispatch_queue_t urls_queue = dispatch_queue_create("blog.devtang.com", NULL);dispatch_async(urls_queue, ^{ // your code });dispatch_release(urls_queue);// 合并汇总结果dispatch_group_t group = dispatch_group_create();dispatch_group_async(group, dispatch_get_global_queue(0,0), ^{// 并行执行的线程一});dispatch_group_async(group, dispatch_get_global_queue(0,0), ^{// 并行执行的线程二});dispatch_group_notify(group, dispatch_get_global_queue(0,0), ^{// 汇总结果});
一个应用GCD的例子:
Java代码
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0), ^{ NSURL * url = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://www.baidu.com"]; NSError * error; NSString * data = [NSString stringWithContentsOfURL:url encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:&error]; if (data != nil) { dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{ NSLog(@"call back, the data is: %@", data); }); } else { NSLog(@"error when download:%@", error); } }); dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0), ^{NSURL * url = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://www.baidu.com"];NSError * error;NSString * data = [NSString stringWithContentsOfURL:url encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:&error];if (data != nil) {dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{NSLog(@"call back, the data is: %@", data);});} else {NSLog(@"error when download:%@", error);}});
GCD的另一个用处是可以让程序在后台较长久的运行。 在没有使用GCD时,当app被按home键退出后,app仅有最多5秒钟的时候做一些保存或清理资源的工作。但是在使用GCD后,app最多有10分钟的时间在后台长久运行。这个时间可以用来做清理本地缓存,发送统计数据等工作。 让程序在后台长久运行的示例代码如下:
Java代码
@property (assign, nonatomic) UIBackgroundTaskIdentifier backgroundUpdateTask; - (void)applicationDidEnterBackground:(UIApplication *)application { [self beingBackgroundUpdateTask]; [self endBackgroundUpdateTask]; } - (void)beingBackgroundUpdateTask { self.backgroundUpdateTask = [[UIApplication sharedApplication] beginBackgroundTaskWithExpirationHandler:^{ [self endBackgroundUpdateTask]; }]; } - (void)endBackgroundUpdateTask { [[UIApplication sharedApplication] endBackgroundTask: self.backgroundUpdateTask]; self.backgroundUpdateTask = UIBackgroundTaskInvalid; }
转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/lovewx/p/4042202.html
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