Python的scrapy之爬取顶点小说网的所有小说

闲来无事用Python的scrapy框架练练手，爬取顶点小说网的所有小说的详细信息。

看一下网页的构造：

tr标签里面的 td 使我们所要爬取的信息

下面是我们要爬取的二级页面 小说的简介信息：

 

下面上代码：

mydingdian.py

import scrapy from scrapy.http import Request from ..items import DingdianItemclass MydingdianSpider(scrapy.Spider):name = 'mydingdian'allowed_domains = ['www.x23us.com/']start_url = ['https://www.x23us.com/class/']starturl=['.html']def start_requests(self):# for i in range(1,11):for i in range(5, 6):#print(i)url_con=str(i)+'_1'#print(url_con)url1 = self.start_url+list(url_con)+self.starturl#print(url1)url=''for j in url1:url+=j+''#print(url)yield Request(url, self.parse)def parse(self, response):baseurl=response.url #真正的url链接#print(baseurl)max_num = response.xpath('//*[@id="pagelink"]/a[14]/text()').extract_first() # 获取当前页面的最大页码数#print(max_num) #页码数baseurl = baseurl[:-7]#print(baseurl)for num in range(1,int(max_num)+1):#for num in range(1, 5):#print(list("_" + str(num)))newurl1 = list(baseurl) + list("_" + str(num)) + self.starturl#print(newurl1)newurl=''for j in newurl1:newurl+=j+''print(newurl)# 此处使用dont_filter和不使用的效果不一样，使用dont_filter就能够抓取到第一个页面的内容，不用就抓不到# scrapy会对request的URL去重(RFPDupeFilter)，加上dont_filter则告诉它这个URL不参与去重。yield Request(newurl, dont_filter=True, callback=self.get_name) # 将新的页面url的内容传递给get_name函数去处理def get_name(self,response):item=DingdianItem()for nameinfo in response.xpath('//tr'):#print(nameinfo)novelurl = nameinfo.xpath('td[1]/a/@href').extract_first() # 小说地址#print(novelurl)name = nameinfo.xpath('td[1]/a[2]/text()').extract_first() # 小说名字#print(name)newchapter=nameinfo.xpath('td[2]/a/text()').extract_first() #最新章节#print(newchapter)date=nameinfo.xpath('td[5]/text()').extract_first() #更新日期#print(date)author = nameinfo.xpath('td[3]/text()').extract_first() # 小说作者#print(author)serialstatus = nameinfo.xpath('td[6]/text()').extract_first() # 小说状态#print(serialstatus)serialsize = nameinfo.xpath('td[4]/text()').extract_first() # 小说大小#print(serialnumber)#print('--==--'*10)if novelurl:item['novel_name'] = name#print(item['novel_name'])item['author'] = authoritem['novelurl'] = novelurl#print(item['novelurl'])item['serialstatus'] = serialstatusitem['serialsize'] = serialsizeitem['date']=dateitem['newchapter']=newchapterprint('小说名字:', item['novel_name'])print('小说作者:', item['author'])print('小说地址:', item['novelurl'])print('小说状态:', item['serialstatus'])print('小说大小:', item['serialsize'])print('更新日期:', item['date'])print('最新章节:', item['newchapter'])print('===='*5)#yield Request(novelurl,dont_filter=True,callback=self.get_novelcontent,meta={'item':item})yield item'''def get_novelcontent(self,response):#print(123124) #测试调用成功urlitem=response.meta['item']novelurl=response.url#print(novelurl)serialnumber = response.xpath('//tr[2]/td[2]/text()').extract_first() # 连载字数#print(serialnumber)category = response.xpath('//tr[1]/td[1]/a/text()').extract_first() # 小说类别#print(category)collect_num_total = response.xpath('//tr[2]/td[1]/text()').extract_first() # 总收藏#print(collect_num_total)click_num_total = response.xpath('//tr[3]/td[1]/text()').extract_first() # 总点击novel_breif = response.xpath('//dd[2]/p[2]').extract_first() #小说简介# item['serialnumber'] = serialnumber# item['category'] = category# item['collect_num_total']=collect_num_total# item['click_num_total']=click_num_total# item['novel_breif']=novel_breif## print('小说字数:', item['serialnumber'])# print('小说类别:', item['category'])# print('总收藏:', item['collect_num_total'])# print('总点击:', item['click_num_total'])# print('小说简介:', item['novel_breif'])# print('===='*10)yield item

items.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-# Define here the models for your scraped items # # See documentation in: # https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.htmlimport scrapyclass DingdianItem(scrapy.Item):# define the fields for your item here like:# name = scrapy.Field()novel_name = scrapy.Field() # 小说名字author = scrapy.Field() # 作者novelurl = scrapy.Field() # 小说地址serialstatus = scrapy.Field() # 状态serialsize = scrapy.Field() # 连载大小date=scrapy.Field() #小说日期newchapter=scrapy.Field() #最新章节 serialnumber = scrapy.Field() # 连载字数category = scrapy.Field() # 小说类别collect_num_total = scrapy.Field() # 总收藏click_num_total = scrapy.Field() # 总点击novel_breif = scrapy.Field() # 小说简介

插入数据库的管道  iopipelines.py

from 爬虫大全.dingdian.dingdian import dbutil# 作业： 自定义的管道，将完整的爬取数据，保存到MySql数据库中 class DingdianPipeline(object):def process_item(self, item, spider):dbu = dbutil.MYSQLdbUtil()dbu.getConnection() # 开启事物# 1.添加try:#sql = "insert into movies (电影排名,电影名称,电影短评,评价分数,评价人数)values(%s,%s,%s,%s,%s)"sql = "insert into ebook (novel_name,author,novelurl,serialstatus,serialsize,ebookdate,newchapter)values(%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s)"#date = [item['rank'],item['title'],item['quote'],item['star']]#dbu.execute(sql, date, True)dbu.execute(sql, (item['novel_name'],item['author'],item['novelurl'],item['serialstatus'],item['serialsize'],item['date'],item['newchapter']),True)#dbu.execute(sql,True) dbu.commit()print('插入数据库成功！！')except:dbu.rollback()dbu.commit() # 回滚后要提交finally:dbu.close()return item

 

settings.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-# Scrapy settings for dingdian project # # For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or # commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation: # # https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html # https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html # https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html BOT_NAME = 'dingdian'SPIDER_MODULES = ['dingdian.spiders'] NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'dingdian.spiders'# Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent #USER_AGENT = 'dingdian (+http://www.yourdomain.com)'# Obey robots.txt rules ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = True# Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16) CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 2# Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0) # See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay # See also autothrottle settings and docs DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 3 # The download delay setting will honor only one of: #CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16 #CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16# Disable cookies (enabled by default) #COOKIES_ENABLED = False# Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default) #TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = False# Override the default request headers: #DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = { # 'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8', # 'Accept-Language': 'en', #}# Enable or disable spider middlewares # See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {'dingdian.middlewares.DingdianSpiderMiddleware': 543, }# Enable or disable downloader middlewares # See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {'dingdian.middlewares.DingdianDownloaderMiddleware': 543,'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.useragent.UserAgentMiddleware' : None,'dingdian.rotate_useragent.RotateUserAgentMiddleware' :400 }# Enable or disable extensions # See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html #EXTENSIONS = { # 'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole': None, #}# Configure item pipelines # See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html ITEM_PIPELINES = {#'dingdian.pipelines.DingdianPipeline': 300,#'dingdian.iopipelines.DingdianPipeline': 301, }# Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default) # See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html #AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True # The initial download delay #AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY = 5 # The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies #AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY = 60 # The average number of requests Scrapy should be sending in parallel to # each remote server #AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY = 1.0 # Enable showing throttling stats for every response received: #AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = False# Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default) # See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 0 HTTPCACHE_DIR = 'httpcache' HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES = [] HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = 'scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage'LOG_LEVEL='INFO' LOG_FILE='dingdian.log'

 

在往数据库插入数据的时候 ，我遇到了

pymysql.err.InterfaceError: (0, '') 这种问题，百度了好久才解决。。。

那是因为scrapy异步的存储的原因,太快。

解决方法:只要放慢爬取速度就能解决,setting.py中设置 DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 2

 

 

详细代码 附在Github上了 

tyutltf/dingdianbook: 爬取顶点小说网的所有小说信息  https://github.com/tyutltf/dingdianbook

 

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/yuxuanlian/p/10000968.html

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