五 Django 1.5.4 User Authentication 用户认证

一.创建drinker app

 

./manage.py startapp drinker

在INSTALL_APPS添加drinker

用户的Profile模型，django里面是可以自定义的。
通过在settings.py里面指定AUTH_PROFILE_MODULE变量的值就可以了。
AUTH_PROFILE_MODULE ＝ ‘package.model_name’   # profiles.Profile
用户可以使用user.get_profile()来获取自己的profile信息。

在settings.py中添加

 

AUTH_PROFILE_MODULE='drinker.Drinker'

 

里面有一个@login_required标签。其作用就是告诉程序，使用这个方法是要求用户登录的。

1.如果用户还没有登录，默认会跳转到‘/accounts/login/’。这个值可以在settings文件中通过LOGIN_URL参数来设定。（后面还会自动加上你请求的url作为登录后跳转的地址，如：/accounts/login/?next=/polls/3/ 登录完成之后，会去请求/poll/3）

2.如果用户登录了，那么该方法就可以正常执行

添加

 

LOGIN_URL='/login/' LOGIN_REDIRECT_URL='/profile/'

二.修改drinker/models.py

 

from django.db import models from django.db.models.signals import post_save from django.contrib.auth.models import User# Create your models here. class Drinker(models.Model):user        =models.OneToOneField(User)birthday    =models.DateField()name        =models.CharField(max_length=100)def __unicode__(self):return self.name

运行

./manage.py syncdb

三.修改drinker/admin.py

 

from django.contrib import admin from drinker.models import Drinkeradmin.site.register(Drinker)

Meta作用

抽象类

 

class CommonInfo(models.Model):name = models.CharField(max_length = 100)age = models.PositiveIntegerField()class Meta:Abstract = Trueclass Student(CommonInfo):home_group = models.CharField(max_length = 5)

这样Student就有三个字段：name, age, home_group,所以CommonInfo不可以用作正常的Django model，因为它只是一个抽象基类,它并不生成一个数据库，不能直接实例化或直接保存数据。所以这种抽象基类是非常有用的，它以python的方式提供了一种方法来提取出公共信息，同时仅当子model在创建数据库时才会创建相应的数据。

 

四.修改drinker/forms.py

最终，如果一个Form实体的数据是合法的，它就会有一个可用的cleaned_data属性。 这是一个包含干净的提交数据的字典。 Django的form框架不但校验数据，它还会把它们转换成相应的Python类型数据，这叫做清理数据。

 

from django import forms from django.contrib.auth.models import User from django.forms import ModelForm from drinker.models import Drinkerclass RegistrationForm(ModelForm):username=forms.CharField(label=(u'User Name'))email   =forms.EmailField(label=(u'Email Address'))password=forms.CharField(label=(u'Password'),widget=forms.PasswordInput(render_value=False))password1=forms.CharField(label=(u'Verify Password'),widget=forms.PasswordInput(render_value=False))class Meta:model=Drinkerexclude=('user',)def clean_username(self):username=self.cleaned_data['username']try:User.objects.get(username=username)except User.DoesNotExist:return usernameraise forms.ValidationError("That username is already taken,please select another.")def clean(self):if self.cleaned_data['password'] != self.cleaned_data['password1']:raise forms.ValidationError("The passwords did not match. Please try again.")return self.cleaned_data class LoginForm(forms.Form):username    =forms.CharField(label=(u'User Name'))password    =forms.CharField(label=(u'Password'),widget=forms.PasswordInput(render_value=False))

五.修改drinker/views.py

 

from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect from django.contrib.auth.models import User from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required from django.shortcuts import render_to_response from django.template import RequestContext from drinker.forms import RegistrationForm,LoginForm from drinker.models import Drinker from django.contrib.auth import authenticate,login,logoutdef DrinkerRegistration(request):if request.user.is_authenticated():return HttpResponseRedirect('/profile/')if request.method == 'POST':form =RegistrationForm(request.POST)if form.is_valid():user =User.objects.create_user(username=form.cleaned_data['username'],email=form.cleaned_data['email'],password=form.cleaned_data['password'])user.save()drinker=Drinker(user=user,name=form.cleaned_data['name'],birthday=form.cleaned_data['birthday'])drinker.save()return HttpResponseRedirect('/profile/')else:return render_to_response('register.html',{'form':form},context_instance=RequestContext(request))else:form =RegistrationForm()context={'form':form}return render_to_response('register.html',context,context_instance=RequestContext(request)) @login_required def Profile(request):if not request.user.is_authenticated():return HttpResponseRedirect('/login/')drinker=request.user.get_profilecontext={'drinker':drinker}return render_to_response('profile.html',context,context_instance=RequestContext(request)) def LoginRequest(request):if request.user.is_authenticated():return HttpResponseRedirect('/profile/')if request.method == 'POST':form=LoginForm(request.POST)if form.is_valid():username=form.cleaned_data['username']password=form.cleaned_data['password']drinker=authenticate(username=username,password=password)if drinker is not None:login(request,drinker)return HttpResponseRedirect('/profile/')else:return render_to_response('login.html',{'form':form},context_instance=RequestContext(request))else:return render_to_response('login.html',{'form':form},context_instance=RequestContext(request))else:form=LoginForm()context={'form':form}return render_to_response('login.html',context,context_instance=RequestContext(request)) def LogoutRequest(request):logout(request)return HttpResponseRedirect('/')

Django的User对象提供了一系列的属性和方法，其中password存储的是加密后的密码，is_staff记录用户是否有管理员权限，其他的属性可以参考官方文档。同时django.contrib.auth模块中提供了authenticate()、login()、logout()等函数，分别实现认证、登录、登出等功能。Django还为我们提供了内置的处理login、logout的view函数，但是因为其提供的行为与我们这里要的不一样，所以还需要自己实现view函数。

六.修改templates/register.html

 

{% extends "base.html" %} {% block extrahead %}<script src="http://libs.baidu.com/jquery/1.7.1/jquery.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script><script src="http://libs.baidu.com/jqueryui/1.8.18/jquery-ui.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script><script>$(function() {$( "#id_birthday" ).datepicker();});</script> {% endblock %} {% block content %} <form action="" method="post">{% csrf_token %}{% if form.errors %}<p> Please correct the following fields: </p>{% endif %}<div class="register_div">{% if form.username.errors %} <p class="error"> {{ form.username.errors }} </p> {% endif %}<p><label for="username" {% if form.username.errors %} class="error" {% endif %}>Username:</label></p><p>{{ form.username }}</p></div><div class="register_div">{% if form.email.errors %} <p class="error"> {{ form.email.errors }} </p> {% endif %}<p><label for="email" {% if form.email.errors %} class="error" {% endif %}>Email:</label></p><p>{{ form.email}}</p></div><div class="register_div">{% if form.password.errors %} <p class="error"> {{ form.password.errors }} </p> {% endif %}<p><label for="password" {% if form.password.errors %} class="error" {% endif %}>Password:</label></p><p>{{ form.password}}</p></div><div class="register_div">{% if form.password1.errors %} <p class="error"> {{ form.password1.errors }} </p> {% endif %}<p><label for="password1" {% if form.password1.errors %} class="error" {% endif %}>Verify Password:</label></p><p>{{ form.password1}}</p></div><div class="register_div">{% if form.birthday.errors %} <p class="error"> {{ form.birthday.errors }} </p> {% endif %}<p><label for="birthday" {% if form.birthday.errors %} class="error" {% endif %}>Birthday:</label></p><p>{{ form.birthday}}</p></div><div class="register_div">{% if form.name.errors %} <p class="error"> {{ form.name.errors }} </p> {% endif %}<p><label for="name" {% if form.name.errors %} class="error" {% endif %}>Name:</label></p><p>{{ form.name}}</p></div><p><input type="submit" alt="register"></p> </form> {% endblock %}

templates/login.html

 

{% extends "base.html" %} {% block content %} <form action="" method="post">{% csrf_token %}{% if form.errors %}<p> Please correct the following fields: </p>{% endif %}<div class="register_div">{% if form.username.errors %} <p class="error"> {{ form.username.errors }} </p> {% endif %}<p><label for="username" {% if form.username.errors %} class="error" {% endif %}>Username:</label></p><p>{{ form.username }}</p></div><div class="register_div">{% if form.password.errors %} <p class="error"> {{ form.password.errors }} </p> {% endif %}<p><label for="password" {% if form.password.errors %} class="error" {% endif %}>Password:</label></p><p>{{ form.password}}</p></div><p><input type="submit" alt="register"></p> </form> {% endblock %}

templates/base.html

 

<html> <head><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/static/css/video1.css" />{% block extrahead %}{% endblock %} </head> <body> <div id="pageContainer"><div id="nav_top_right">{% if user.is_authenticated %}<p><a href="/logout/">Logout</a></p>{% else %}<p><a href="/login/">login</a></p>{% endif %}</div>{% block content %}{% endblock %} </div> </body> </html>

templates/profile.html

 

{% extends "base.html" %} {% block content %} <p>Name: {{ drinker.name }}</p> <p>Birthday: {{ drinker.birthday }}</p> {% endblock %}

urls.py中添加

(r'^register/$','drinker.views.DrinkerRegistration'),(r'^login/$','drinker.views.LoginRequest'),(r'^logout/$','drinker.views.LogoutRequest'), (r'^profile/$','drinker.views.Profile'), 

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