JAVA配置注解方式搭建简单的SpringMVC前后台交互系统

前面两篇文章介绍了 基于XML方式搭建SpringMVC前后台交互系统的方法，博文链接如下：
　　http://www.cnblogs.com/hunterCecil/p/8252060.html
　　http://www.cnblogs.com/hunterCecil/p/6924935.html

本文重点介绍一下基于java配置+注解方式搭建系统的过程步骤。

一、摘要
　　1、所需软件列表：
　　　　1) tomcat : apache-tomcat-7.0.54　 服务端容器
　　　　2) Intellij： Intellij IDEA 2016.3.1 　  开发工具　　
　　　　3) Syslog: SQLyog Community 　 　数据库工具
　　2. 步骤简述：
　　　1） 新建一个 Java 项目， 按下图依次选择：
　　　　　
　　　2） 项目目录如下：
　　　　
各目录存储文件如下：

（1）java.com ： 目录下用于存放后台代码：

　　　　config: 配置启动类
　　　　controller: 应用层实现类
　　　　dao: 数据访问层的bean
　　　　entity: 对象实体类
　　　　service: 业务层bean, 具体的数据库操作实现类
（2）resource:
　　　　jdbc.properties: 数据库配置
　　　　log4j.properties: 日志配置相关属性
　　　　users.sql: 建表语句

（3）webapp: 客户端展示相关文件

二、 相关配置文件
　　1. web.xml配置（用于配置Spring 相关配置项：上下文、日志、字符集、监听器等通过配置文件加载，这里只配置welcome-file-list及session-config）

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"version="3.0" metadata-complete="false"><!-- session超时 --><session-config><session-timeout>60</session-timeout></session-config><!-- 欢迎页面 -->;<welcome-file-list><welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file></welcome-file-list></web-app>

　　2. jdbc. properties

jdbc.driver = com.mysql.jdbc.Driver db.url = jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8 db.username = root db.password = *****

　　3. log4j.properties

#日志输出级别 log4j.rootLogger=INFO,stdout,other#设置stdout的日志输出控制台 log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender #输出日志到控制台的方式，默认为System.out log4j.appender.stdout.Target = System.out #设置使用灵活布局 log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout #灵活定义输出格式 log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=[%p][%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss}] %l %m %n#设置other的日志输出控制台 log4j.appender.other=org.apache.log4j.RollingFileAppender #设置other的输出日志 log4j.appender.other.File=/WEB-INF/logs/log.log #设置other的日志最大限制 log4j.appender.other.MaxFileSize=1024KB #最多只保存20个备份文件 log4j.appender.other.MaxBackupIndex=1000 #输出INFO级别以上的日志 og4j.appender.other.Threshold=INFO #设置使用灵活布局 log4j.appender.other.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout #灵活定义输出格式 log4j.appender.other.layout.ConversionPattern=[%p][%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss}] %l %t %m %n

　　4. uses.sql

-- ---------------------------- -- Table structure for user -- ---------------------------- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `user`; CREATE TABLE `user` (`id` tinyint (20),`name` varchar (90),`age` tinyint (100),PRIMARY KEY (`id`), ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=3 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;-- ---------------------------- -- Records of user -- ---------------------------- insert into `user` (`id`, `name`, `age`) values('2','zhangsan','32'); insert into `user` (`id`, `name`, `age`) values('3','lisi','33'); insert into `user` (`id`, `name`, `age`) values('1','wangwu','12');　

　5. config目录下文件：
　　DatabaseConfig　

@Configuration @EnableTransactionManagement public class DatabaseConfig {private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(DatabaseConfig.class.getName());@Value("${jdbc.driver}")private String jdbcDriver;@Value("${db.url}")private String dbUrl;@Value("${db.username}")private String username;@Value("${db.password}")private String password;@Bean(destroyMethod = "close")public DataSource dataSource() {logger.info("mysql url:"+dbUrl);BasicDataSource dataSource = new BasicDataSource();dataSource.setDriverClassName(jdbcDriver);dataSource.setUrl(dbUrl);dataSource.setUsername(username);dataSource.setPassword(password);return dataSource;}@Beanpublic DataSourceTransactionManager txManager() {return new DataSourceTransactionManager(dataSource());}@Beanpublic SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory() throws Exception {SqlSessionFactoryBean sessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBean();sessionFactory.setDataSource(dataSource());return sessionFactory.getObject();} }

　PropertiesConfig

@Configuration @PropertySource(value={"classpath:jdbc.properties"}) public class PropertiesConfig {@Beanpublic static PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer propertyConfigInDev() {return new PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer();} }

　RootConfig

@Configuration @ComponentScan(basePackages = {"com"}) public class RootConfig { }

　WebConfig

@Configuration @EnableWebMvc @EnableAspectJAutoProxy @EnableTransactionManagement @ComponentScan("com.controller") @MapperScan("com.dao") public class WebConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {@Beanpublic ViewResolver viewResolver() {InternalResourceViewResolver resolver = new InternalResourceViewResolver();resolver.setPrefix("/WEB-INF/views/");resolver.setSuffix(".jsp");resolver.setExposeContextBeansAsAttributes(true);return resolver;}@Beanpublic StringHttpMessageConverter stringHttpMessageConverter(){return new StringHttpMessageConverter();}@Beanpublic MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter mappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter(){return new MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter();}@Overridepublic void configureMessageConverters(List<HttpMessageConverter<?>> converters) {converters.add(stringHttpMessageConverter());converters.add(mappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter());super.configureMessageConverters(converters);}/*** 启用spring mvc 的注解*/public void configureDefaultServletHandling(DefaultServletHandlerConfigurer configurer) {configurer.enable();} }

　　WebAppInitializer

/*** 配置SpringMVC需要添加DispatchServlet ，* DispatcherServlet主要负责前端调用URL的分发，* 它在Web容器初始化的时候被注册。* 这里配置中继承了DispatchServlet 的一个抽象类AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer ，* 此抽象类的父类在实例化的时候会注册一个DispatchServlet到容器中* 这里配置了容器初始化时需要加载的配置类 RootConfig,PropertiesConfig 和 WebConfig*/ public class WebAppInitializer extends AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer {/** 应用上下文、配置文件读取，数据库配置*/@Overrideprotected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses() {System.out.println("======1.应用上下文、配置文件读取，数据库配置 load ================");return new Class<?>[]{RootConfig.class, PropertiesConfig.class, DatabaseConfig.class};}/* web上下文 */@Overrideprotected Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses() {System.out.println("======2.web上下文 load ================");return new Class<?>[]{WebConfig.class};}/* DispatcherServlet的映射路径 */@Overrideprotected String[] getServletMappings() {System.out.println("======3.DispatcherServlet的映射路径 load ================");return new String[]{"/"};}/* 注册过滤器，映射路径与DispatcherServlet一致，路径不一致的过滤器需要注册到另外的WebApplicationInitializer中*/@Overrideprotected Filter[] getServletFilters() {CharacterEncodingFilter characterEncodingFilter = new CharacterEncodingFilter();characterEncodingFilter.setEncoding("UTF-8");characterEncodingFilter.setForceEncoding(true);return new Filter[]{characterEncodingFilter};} }

　　6.  controller-TestController

@Controller public class TestController {@Autowired@Qualifier("userService")private UserService userService;@RequestMapping(value = "/test", method = RequestMethod.GET)public String test() {return "test";}@RequestMapping(value = "/getuser/{username}", method = RequestMethod.GET)@ResponseBodypublic User getUser(@PathVariable String username) {return userService.loadUserByUsername(username);} }

　　7. dao-UserDao

@Controller public class TestController {@Autowired@Qualifier("userService")private UserService userService;@RequestMapping(value = "/test", method = RequestMethod.GET)public String test() {return "test";}@RequestMapping(value = "/getuser/{username}", method = RequestMethod.GET)@ResponseBodypublic User getUser(@PathVariable String username) {return userService.loadUserByUsername(username);} }

　　8. entity-User

public class User {private Integer id;private String name;private Integer age;public Integer getId() {return id;}public void setId(Integer id) {this.id = id;}public String getName() {return name;}public void setName(String name) {this.name = name;}public Integer getAge() {return age;}public void setAge(Integer age) {this.age = age;} }

　　9. log-logAspect

@Component @Aspect public class LogAspect {private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(LogAspect.class.getName());@Pointcut("execution(* com.controller.*.*(..))")public void performance() {}@Before("performance()")public void optionBefore(JoinPoint joinPoint){System.out.println("@Before开始执行"+joinPoint.getSignature().getDeclaringTypeName() +"." + joinPoint.getSignature().getName());}@After("performance()")public void optionAfter(JoinPoint joinPoint){System.out.println("@After结束执行"+joinPoint.getSignature().getDeclaringTypeName() +"." + joinPoint.getSignature().getName());}@Around("performance()")public Object optionAround(ProceedingJoinPoint pjp) throws Throwable {Object retVal = null;System.out.println("@Around start..");try {retVal = pjp.proceed();} catch (Throwable ex) {System.out.println("error in @Around");throw ex;}System.out.println("@Around end");return retVal;}@AfterReturning(pointcut = "performance()", returning = "returnValue")public void optionAfterReturn(JoinPoint joinPoint, Object returnValue) {System.out.println("@AfterReturning：目标方法为：" +joinPoint.getSignature().getDeclaringTypeName() +"." + joinPoint.getSignature().getName());System.out.println("@AfterReturning：参数为：" +Arrays.toString(joinPoint.getArgs()));System.out.println("@AfterReturning：返回值为：" + returnValue);System.out.println("@AfterReturning：被织入的目标对象为：" + joinPoint.getTarget());}@AfterThrowing(pointcut = "performance()", throwing = "e")public void optionError(JoinPoint joinPoint, Throwable e) {logger.log(Level.WARNING,"异常方法:{" + joinPoint.getTarget().getClass().getName() +"." + joinPoint.getSignature().getName() + "}" +"异常类型:{" + e.getClass().getName() + "}" +"异常信息:{" + e.getMessage() + "}" +"参数:{" + Arrays.toString(joinPoint.getArgs()) + "}", e);} }

　　10. service-UserService

public interface UserService {User loadUserByUsername(String username);void saveUser(User user); }

　　 11. service-impl-UserServiceImpl

@Service("userService") public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {@Autowiredprivate UserDao userDao;@Transactional(readOnly = true)public User loadUserByUsername(String username) {return userDao.loadUserByUsername(username);}@Transactionalpublic void saveUser(User user) {userDao.saveUser(user);} }

　　12. maven 对应的pom文件如下：

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd"><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><groupId>com</groupId><artifactId>springJavaConfig</artifactId><packaging>war</packaging><version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version><name>springJavaConfig Maven Webapp</name><url>http://maven.apache.org</url><properties><project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding><project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding><java.version>1.6</java.version></properties><dependencies><dependency><!--Unit Test --><groupId>junit</groupId><artifactId>junit</artifactId><version>4.10</version><scope>test</scope></dependency><!-- Servlet --><dependency><groupId>javax.servlet</groupId><artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId><version>3.1.0</version><scope>provided</scope></dependency><!-- SpringMVC --><dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId><version>4.3.2.RELEASE</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId><version>4.3.2.RELEASE</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>mysql</groupId><artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId><version>5.1.6</version></dependency>
　　　　<!--Mybatis--><dependency><groupId>org.mybatis</groupId><artifactId>mybatis</artifactId><version>3.3.0</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.mybatis</groupId><artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId><version>1.2.3</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId><artifactId>commons-dbcp2</artifactId><version>2.1.1</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.aspectj</groupId><artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId><version>1.8.0</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId><artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId><version>2.8.5</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId><artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId><version>2.8.5</version></dependency></dependencies><build><finalName>springJavaConfig</finalName></build> </project>

　三. 启动过程打印日志：

Connected to server [2018-01-17 10:47:20,950] Artifact springJavaConfig:war exploded: Artifact is being deployed, please wait... 一月 17, 2018 10:47:23 上午 org.apache.catalina.startup.TldConfig execute 信息: At least one JAR was scanned for TLDs yet contained no TLDs. Enable debug logging for this logger for a complete list of JARs that were scanned but no TLDs were found in them. Skipping unneeded JARs during scanning can improve startup time and JSP compilation time. ======1.应用上下文、配置文件读取，数据库配置 load ================ ======2.web上下文 load ================ ======3.DispatcherServlet的映射路径 load ================ 一月 17, 2018 10:47:24 上午 org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader initWebApplicationContext 信息: Root WebApplicationContext: initialization started 一月 17, 2018 10:47:24 上午 org.springframework.web.context.support.AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext prepareRefresh 信息: Refreshing Root WebApplicationContext: startup date [Wed Jan 17 10:47:24 CST 2018]; root of context hierarchy 一月 17, 2018 10:47:24 上午 org.springframework.web.context.support.AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext loadBeanDefinitions 信息: Registering annotated classes: [class com.config.RootConfig,class com.config.PropertiesConfig,class com.config.DatabaseConfig] 一月 17, 2018 10:47:25 上午 com.config.DatabaseConfig dataSource 信息: mysql url:jdbc:mysql://10.42.120.201:3306/test?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8 一月 17, 2018 10:47:25 上午 org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerMapping register 信息: Mapped "{[/test],methods=[GET]}" onto public java.lang.String com.controller.TestController.test() 一月 17, 2018 10:47:25 上午 org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerMapping register 信息: Mapped "{[/getuser/{username}],methods=[GET]}" onto public com.entity.User com.controller.TestController.getUser(java.lang.String) 一月 17, 2018 10:47:25 上午 org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping registerHandler 信息: Mapped URL path [/**] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.DefaultServletHttpRequestHandler] 一月 17, 2018 10:47:26 上午 org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter initControllerAdviceCache 信息: Looking for @ControllerAdvice: Root WebApplicationContext: startup date [Wed Jan 17 10:47:24 CST 2018]; root of context hierarchy 一月 17, 2018 10:47:26 上午 org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader initWebApplicationContext 信息: Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 2370 ms 一月 17, 2018 10:47:26 上午 org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet initServletBean 信息: FrameworkServlet 'dispatcher': initialization started 一月 17, 2018 10:47:26 上午 org.springframework.web.context.support.AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext prepareRefresh 信息: Refreshing WebApplicationContext for namespace 'dispatcher-servlet': startup date [Wed Jan 17 10:47:26 CST 2018]; parent: Root WebApplicationContext 一月 17, 2018 10:47:26 上午 org.springframework.web.context.support.AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext loadBeanDefinitions 信息: Registering annotated classes: [class com.config.WebConfig] 一月 17, 2018 10:47:26 上午 org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerMapping register 信息: Mapped "{[/test],methods=[GET]}" onto public java.lang.String com.controller.TestController.test() 一月 17, 2018 10:47:26 上午 org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerMapping register 信息: Mapped "{[/getuser/{username}],methods=[GET]}" onto public com.entity.User com.controller.TestController.getUser(java.lang.String) 一月 17, 2018 10:47:26 上午 org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping registerHandler 信息: Mapped URL path [/**] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.DefaultServletHttpRequestHandler] 一月 17, 2018 10:47:26 上午 org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter initControllerAdviceCache 信息: Looking for @ControllerAdvice: WebApplicationContext for namespace 'dispatcher-servlet': startup date [Wed Jan 17 10:47:26 CST 2018]; parent: Root WebApplicationContext 一月 17, 2018 10:47:26 上午 org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet initServletBean 信息: FrameworkServlet 'dispatcher': initialization completed in 356 ms [2018-01-17 10:47:26,774] Artifact springJavaConfig:war exploded: Artifact is deployed successfully [2018-01-17 10:47:26,775] Artifact springJavaConfig:war exploded: Deploy took 5,825 milliseconds　

可以看到，WebAppInitializer类中我们的配置类已经按顺序加载过了。

四、 测试

url 输入 http://localhost:8080/getuser/zhangsan，可以查看切面部分打印日志如下：

@Around start.. @Before开始执行com.controller.TestController.getUser @Around end @After结束执行com.controller.TestController.getUser @AfterReturning：目标方法为：com.controller.TestController.getUser @AfterReturning：参数为：[zhangsan] @AfterReturning：返回值为：com.entity.User@182bab1a @AfterReturning：被织入的目标对象为：com.controller.TestController@24b0c989

 

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/hunterCecil/p/8302783.html

总结

以上是生活随笔为你收集整理的JAVA配置注解方式搭建简单的SpringMVC前后台交互系统的全部内容，希望文章能够帮你解决所遇到的问题。

如果觉得生活随笔网站内容还不错，欢迎将生活随笔推荐给好友。