如何了解Google Analytics（分析）和网站访问量
Google Analytics is a powerful web service that gives you insights into your website. But exactly can it help you?
Google Analytics(分析)是一项功能强大的网络服务，可让您深入了解自己的网站。 但这确实可以帮助您吗？
I’m going to cover a few things here. If you’re already familiar with the basics, feel free to skip around:
我将在这里介绍几件事。 如果您已经熟悉了基础知识，请随时跳过：
What is Google Analytics? (A quick overview)
什么是Google Analytics(分析)？ (快速概述)
Okay, so where do I start? (Quick start install guide)
好吧，那我应该从哪里开始呢？ (快速入门安装指南)
What are some quick insights? (Basic out of the box reports)
有哪些快速见解？ (开箱即用的基本报告)
Bonus: Advanced Insights (Custom Dimensions)
奖励：高级见解 (自定义维度)
So let’s start from the top.
因此，让我们从头开始。
什么是Google Analytics(分析)？ (What is Google Analytics?)
Google Analytics gives you the tools you need to better understand your customers. You can then use those business insights to take action, such as improving your website, creating tailored audience lists, and more. - Google's official documentation
Google Analytics(分析)为您提供了更好地了解客户所需的工具。 然后，您可以使用这些业务洞察力采取行动，例如改善网站，创建量身定制的受众群体列表等。 -Google的官方文档
More simply put, Google Analytics (GA) is a web analytics service provided by Google on the Google Marketing Platform. It allows you to track and measure your website’s traffic with powerful insights and reports.
简而言之，Google Analytics(分析)(GA)是Google在Google Marketing Platform上提供的一项网络分析服务。 它使您可以利用强大的洞察力和报告来跟踪和衡量网站的流量。
GA can work a few different ways, but the most common is using a quick drop-in JavaScript snippet that goes on every page of your website (typically the <head>).
Google Analytics(分析)可以通过几种不同的方式工作，但最常见的方式是在网站的每个页面(通常为<head> )上使用快速插入JavaScript代码段 。
The base version of Google Analytics is free. You have the option of upgrading to the 360 suite, which will open up some feature limits, but most of you probably don’t need this as it is more geared towards high traffic websites.
Google Analytics(分析)的基本版本是免费的。 您可以选择升级到360套件，这会带来一些功能限制，但是您大多数人可能不需要此功能，因为它更适合于高流量的网站。
为什么需要Google Analytics(分析)？ (Why do I need Google Analytics?)
You don’t need it. But you can get an incredible amount of insight from GA with even a basic out of the box setup.
你不需要它。 但是，即使是基本的即装即用设置，您也可以从GA获得令人难以置信的洞察力。
GA is helpful if you're a developer trying to get more traffic out of your blog, or a business trying to optimize your sales funnel.
如果您是试图从博客中获取更多流量的开发人员，或者是试图优化销售渠道的企业，则GA很有帮助。
GA helps you answer simple questions like:
Google Analytics(分析)可帮助您回答一些简单的问题，例如：
- Where is my traffic coming from? 我的流量来自哪里？
- What pages get the most traffic? 哪些网页获得最多流量？
- What are the most popular devices people visit on? 人们使用的最受欢迎的设备是什么？
Not only can this help you make better-educated decisions with your website. It can also help you unveil user experience concerns, or save money due to site issues by keeping an eye on traffic trends and user interactions.
这不仅可以帮助您通过网站做出更好的决策。 它还可以通过关注流量趋势和用户交互来帮助您解决用户体验问题，或节省因站点问题而造成的费用。
好吧，那我应该从哪里开始呢？ (Okay, so where do I start?)
Google makes it’s fairly easy for any developer to jump in and get started. The only real prerequisite is that you set up an account. Google themselves offers a great step-by-step and constantly updated guide, so I’ll leave it to them.
Google使任何开发人员都可以轻松入门。 唯一真正的前提条件是您要设置一个帐户。 Google本身提供了出色的分步指南 ， 并且会不断更新指南 ，因此我将其留给他们。
在页面上获取标签 (Getting the tag on your page)
Once you’re logged into the Google Analytics Dashboard, go to the Admin section, which you can find on the left hand side of the page:
登录到Google Analytics(分析)仪表板后，转到“管理”部分，您可以在页面左侧找到该部分：
Once in the admin section, you can navigate to Tracking Info then Tracking code under the property you want to track.
进入管理部分后，您可以导航至“跟踪信息”，然后导航至要跟踪的属性下的“跟踪代码”。
Finally, you can find the JavaScript snippet that you can throw in the head of your website. Remember, this should be on ALL pages.
最后，您可以找到可放入网站标题JavaScript代码段。 请记住，这应该在所有页面上。
让交通畅通 (Let the traffic flow)
From here you just have to give it time. Google Analytics won’t have historical data, it will only have the the new traffic that hit your page once the snippet was installed.
从这里开始，您只需要花点时间。 Google Analytics(分析)将不会提供历史数据，只有安装了该代码段后，才会有访问您页面的新流量。
You can check it’s working by visiting the Realtime Report and either hitting the page in another tab or seeing your visitors hit the page.
您可以通过访问“实时报告”并在另一个选项卡中单击该页面或看到您的访问者访问该页面来检查其是否有效。
更多设置，更多配置 (More settings, more configuration)
Google Analytics is a complex machine and can do a lot. Start slow and try to understand what’s happening before moving too fast turning every different switch.
Google Analytics(分析)是一台复杂的机器，可以做很多事情。 从慢开始，尝试了解发生了什么，然后再过快地转动每个不同的开关。
Once you're comfortable, there are a lot of great guides out there for beginners and advanced users alike to unleash the full power of your reporting capabilities.
一旦您感到舒适，就会有很多很棒的指南供初学者和高级用户使用，以充分发挥您的报告功能。
有哪些快速见解？ (What are some quick insights?)
Cool, so you have GA installed, you see your traffic, and you’re ready to get started looking at your reports, but where to begin?
太酷了，因此您已经安装了GA，可以查看流量，并且可以开始查看报告了，但是从哪里开始呢？
哪些网页获得最多流量？ (What pages get the most traffic?)
Let’s start with a simple one. Which pages of my website are getting the most traffic? To find this out we’ll want to view the Behavior Overview, which we can find by visiting Behavior then Overview.
让我们从一个简单的开始。 我网站上哪些页面的访问量最多？ 为了找到答案，我们将要查看“行为概述”，可以通过依次访问“行为”和“概述”来找到。
Above we’re looking at the full month of August, which you can change with the date picker in the top right of the report. We can see overall, we had 3,853,265 total pageviews and 121,187 of them were to /news, the freeCodeCamp News homepage, which was our most popular page of the month.
上方是八月的完整月份，您可以使用报告右上方的日期选择器进行更改。 我们可以看到，总体而言，我们的综合浏览量为3,853,265个，其中121,187个是/ news，即freeCodeCamp新闻首页，这是本月最受欢迎的网页。
我的流量来自哪里？ (Where is my traffic coming from?)
A common question is: “where are people coming from?” How are people actually finding my website? This is a 2 parter, let’s start with overall traffic.
一个常见的问题是：“人们来自哪里？” 人们实际上是如何找到我的网站的？ 这是一个2分，让我们从总体流量开始。
A good way to start is by finding the Acquisition Overview page. You can navigate there by selecting Acquisition than Overview.
一个很好的开始方法是找到“获取概述”页面。 您可以通过选择“获取”而不是“概述”来导航到那里。
Shown above, the majority of traffic comes from organic searches on Google, a little over 75% in fact. That’s some good SEO!
如上所示，大部分流量来自Google上的自然搜索，实际上超过了75％。 不错的SEO ！
But what if we wanted to see how people are getting to a particular post? This involves a little more work, but let’s dive in.
但是，如果我们想了解人们如何去某个职位，该怎么办？ 这涉及更多的工作，但让我们开始吧。
Let’s go back to Behavior in the sidebar, then Site Content, and finally Landing Pages. Once there, you can use the search to find your post as shown below and select it.
让我们回到侧栏中的“行为”，然后是“网站内容”，最后是“登录页面”。 到达那里后，您可以使用搜索找到您的帖子，如下所示，然后选择它。
After you found your post, we’re going to add a Secondary dimension. In particular, we’ll want to find and select “Source / Medium” in the Secondary dimension dropdown.
找到您的帖子后，我们将添加一个次要维度。 特别是，我们要在“次要维度”下拉列表中找到并选择“来源/媒介”。
Finally we’ll have an idea of where people are coming from to visit our post.
最后，我们将了解人们来自何处来访问我们的帖子。
It seems like this is following the trend of great Organic SEO. If you notice though, we have “(direct) / (none)” as the second highest source / medium.
似乎这是在遵循有机搜寻引擎最佳化的趋势。 但是，如果您注意到，我们将“(直接)/(无)”作为第二高的来源/媒介。
Unfortunately, it’s not always that easy. And if Google Analytics can’t figure out where the user came from, it will mark it as “(direct) / (none)”. While that’s solvable, and sometimes actually means something, we can see the majority comes from simple searches on Google itself.
不幸的是，这并不总是那么容易。 而且，如果Google Analytics(分析)无法确定用户来自何处，它将被标记为“(直接)/(无)”。 尽管这是可以解决的 ，有时甚至是有意义的，但我们可以看到大多数来自Google本身的简单搜索。
人们使用的最受欢迎的设备是什么？ (What are the most popular devices people visit on?)
Understanding what devices your visitors are using is an incredibly helpful tool for optimizing User Experience, as well as maximizing potential revenue by making sure your site works.
了解访问者正在使用哪些设备，这对于优化用户体验以及通过确保您的网站能够发挥最大的潜在收益是非常有用的工具。
In a perfect world, your website would work in all browsers. But we may be able to safely rule out certain older browsers.
在理想的情况下，您的网站可以在所有浏览器上正常工作。 但是我们也许可以安全地排除某些较旧的浏览器。
To get started, find your way to Audience then Overview. Once there, select Browsers in the list as shown below.
首先，先找到“受众群体”，然后再找到“概述”。 到达那里后，在列表中选择“浏览器”，如下所示。
We can see that luckily, our top browsers are dominated by modern ones, with Chrome carrying a cool 76.42%.
幸运的是，我们可以看到，我们的顶级浏览器以现代浏览器为主导，Chrome的浏览器率为76.42％。
But wait, Internet Explorer is pulling 1.06% or 22,499, which isn’t something to bat an eye at. So let’s dig in a little more by clicking on Internet Explorer.
但是，等等，Internet Explorer的增长率为1.06％或22,499，这并不引人注目。 因此，让我们通过单击Internet Explorer来进行深入研究。
Phew, I think we’re safe. Now we can see how many people visit each version of Internet Explorer and luckily almost 99% of THAT traffic is IE9 or above. While we should be as inclusive as we can, this can help us determine priority and make decisions on what browser versions to officially support.
ew，我认为我们很安全。 现在，我们可以看到有多少人访问了Internet Explorer的每个版本，幸运的是，几乎有99％的访问量是IE9或更高版本。 尽管我们应尽可能做到包容，但是这可以帮助我们确定优先级并决定要正式支持的浏览器版本 。
Real talk: 5 people on IE5? 🤔
真实话题：IE5上有5个人？ 🤔
奖励：高级见解 (Bonus: Advanced Insights)
Out of the box, Google Analytics is powerful, but with some customization and deeper integration with your web data, you can give your analytics dashboard extra superpowers.
开箱即用的Google Analytics(分析)功能强大，但是通过进行一些自定义和与Web数据的更深入的集成，您可以为您的分析仪表板提供额外的强大功能。
自定义尺寸 (Custom Dimensions)
Custom Dimensions are what Google specifies as “non-standard data.” Really, they’re just additional data points that we can configure to get a better understanding of what makes our website unique.
Google将自定义维度称为“非标准数据”。 实际上，它们只是我们可以配置的其他数据点，以更好地了解使我们的网站与众不同的原因。
For the sake of this article (maybe a later one), I’m not going to go into how to add Custom Dimensions, but Google provides a great guide to get an in depth understanding and a developer guide to go with it. What I’ll go over here is how to explore our reports once some Custom Dimensions are already set up.
为了本文(可能是以后的文章)的缘故，我不打算介绍如何添加“自定义维度”，但是Google提供了一个很好的指南来深入了解，并提供了开发者指南 。 一旦设置了一些自定义维度，我将在这里讨论如何浏览我们的报告。
我们的自定义尺寸是什么？ (What are our Custom Dimensions?)
To start, we’ll talk about 2 specific Custom Dimensions: Author and Page Category.
首先，我们将讨论两个特定的自定义维度：作者和页面类别。
Author is what it sounds like, it’s the person who wrote the article. Page Category in our case is the primary, top-level category that represents the post.
听起来是作者，是撰写文章的人。 在我们的案例中，页面类别是代表帖子的主要顶级类别。
On freeCodeCamp News, you can specify as many categories as you want (do so responsibly), but the first one in the list is consider your “primary” category and is used when you see your post in listing views such as the homepage.
在freeCodeCamp News上，您可以指定想要的任意多个类别(负责任地这样做)，但是列表中的第一个类别是您的“主要”类别，当您在列表视图(例如主页)中看到帖子时使用该类别。
我们该怎么办？ (What can we do with these?)
The great thing is when we set these up, we attribute them to a page view. Once that page view is collected by Google Analytics, we can use it to search on, which is really what makes it powerful. Let’s start with Author.
很棒的是，当我们设置它们时，我们将它们归因于页面视图。 一旦Google Analytics(分析)收集了该页面视图，我们就可以使用它进行搜索，这正是它使功能强大的原因。 让我们从作者开始。
查找特定作者的所有帖子 (Finding all posts from a specific Author)
If we wanted to search for any post written by Quincy Larson, we’ll want to navigate back to Behavior, then Site Content, and finally All Pages.
如果我们想搜索Quincy Larson撰写的任何帖子，我们将要导航回Behavior ，然后是Site Content ，最后是All Pages 。
Once there, we’ll want to add a Secondary dimension, similar when we added Source / medium, but now we’ll want to search for and select Author, which you’ll also find nested under the Custom Dimensions heading of that dropdown.
到达该位置后，我们想添加一个Secondary维度 ，类似于添加Source / media时，但是现在我们要搜索并选择Author ，您还会发现嵌套在该下拉菜单的Custom Dimensions标题下。
From there, we’ll want to select Advanced on the right (highlighted below), add our author’s name, and finally hit the Apply button.
从那里，我们将要选择右侧的Advanced(在下面突出显示)，添加作者的名字，最后点击Apply(应用)按钮。
After hitting apply, we now have all the stats we could ever dream of for the articles written by our author, Quincy Larson.
点击“应用”后，我们现在拥有我们的作者昆西·拉尔森(Quincy Larson)撰写的文章所能想到的所有统计数据。
您也可以在Google Analytics(分析)搜索栏中键入查询。 (You can also just type a query into the Google Analytics Search Bar.)
Google Analytics has a search bar at the top, and you can just type natural language queries like this one:
Google Analytics(分析)在顶部有一个搜索栏，您可以像这样输入自然语言查询：
哪些类别表现最好？ (Which categories are doing the best?)
This is a trickier one. There are a lot of questions we may be able to answer with the basic reports like we did with Author, such as “out of all of the JavaScript posts, what has the most traffic?”, but maybe we want to know generally what category is the most popular on the site.
这是一个棘手的问题。 与使用Author所做的基本报告一样，我们可以回答很多问题，例如“所有JavaScript帖子中，访问量最大的是什么？”，但是也许我们想大致了解哪个类别是该网站上最受欢迎的。
To do this we need to get our hands dirty with Custom Reports. This is too advanced to try to tackle in this post, but Google does a great job at outlining it in detail.
为此，我们需要使用“自定义报告”。 这篇文章太过高级而无法解决，但是Google在详细概述它方面做得很好 。
For now, I’ve done you a favor and set up a report that you can easily import to your account and use right away. So first thing’s first, let’s import the report: https://analytics.google.com/analytics/web/template?uid=4fHol2S_TZqcQACAwfcmfg
现在，我帮了您一个忙，并建立了一个报告，您可以轻松地将其导入您的帐户并立即使用。 首先，让我们导入报告： https : //analytics.google.com/analytics/web/template?uid=4fHol2S_TZqcQACAwfcmfg
Here you should see a screen like the above that asks us 2 things: where should we apply the report and what do we want to call it? If you’re an author of freecodecamp.org with access to GA and want to view this, you would select the All Web Site Data view under the freeCodeCamp News property.
在这里，您应该会看到如上所示的屏幕，该屏幕向我们询问两件事：我们应该在哪里应用该报告，以及我们想如何称呼它？ 如果您是可以访问GA的freecodecamp.org的作者，并且想要查看此内容，则可以在freeCodeCamp News属性下选择“所有网站数据”视图。
Once selected, name the report what you’d like, such as “Top Primary Categories”, and click Create.
选择后，将报表命名为所需名称，例如“ Top Primary Categories”，然后单击“创建”。
After it’s done, you’ll then land on the newly imported custom report where you can immediately see the most popular categories on the site, which for August is JavaScript!
完成后，您将进入新导入的自定义报告，在该报告中，您可以立即看到网站上最受欢迎的类别，八月份是JavaScript！
分解 (Breakdown)
This was a lot!
太多了！
But this is just the tip of the data iceberg. Even with just the above, you can see there’s a lot going on and a lot of configuration to make the most out of Google Analytics for your specific needs.
但这只是数据冰山的一角。 即使只有上述内容，您仍然可以看到有很多事情正在进行，并且有很多配置可以充分利用Google Analytics(分析)来满足您的特定需求。
If this interests you, I encourage you to do some research on your own, add a new view (particularly a Test View to play around with), and get your hands dirty poking around the different reports. Otherwise, keep an eye out for more of my GA posts covering advanced installation and deeper insights.
如果您对此感兴趣，我鼓励您自己进行一些研究， 添加一个新视图 (尤其是一个可与之一起使用的测试视图 )，并动手查看不同的报告。 否则，请留意我的更多GA职位，内容涉及高级安装和更深入的见解。
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Originally published at https://www.colbyfayock.com/2019/09/making-sense-of-google-analytics-and-the-traffic-to-your-website
最初发布于https://www.colbyfayock.com/2019/09/making-sense-of-google-analytics-and-the-traffic-to-your-website
翻译自: https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/making-sense-of-google-analytics-and-the-traffic-to-your-website/
总结
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